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These slides look very interesting but aren't really useful without accompanying explanation. Is there a video of the talk/lecture by the author?

Well, fwiw this seems to be the last pdf/lecture from a total of 16: http://www.scs.stanford.edu/14sp-cs240h/slides/

Unfortunately there don't seem to be any accompanying notes/etc.

The author covers a lot of similar material at his blog. http://blog.ezyang.com/category/ghc/