Choosing a Web Framework/Language Combo for the Next Decade | Hacker News Reader

Choosing a Web Framework/Language Combo for the Next Decade

jacquesmattheij.com

153 pointsfreshfey225 comments

I (naturally) think that the article's summarily dismissing Haskell is unfortunate. It's probably just the result of poor PR on Haskell's part.

Haskell is not only for surpassingly intelligent people, or even optimized for them. If anything, it's the opposite: one of its core tenants is that we're not smart enough to reason about our programs in most languages. Much of the design work focuses on unloading complexity into the language, tools and abstractions.

Haskell goes out of its way to prevent common errors and help you design your program. In a very real sense, it trims the "search space" of possible programs, helping you zero in on a reasonable solution. To an extent, I use Haskell because I'm not smart enough to use C.

Haskell is unfamiliar. And people mistake that for some sort of innate difficulty. But the two are not the same.

I would argue that overcoming unfamiliarity is one of the most important ways to grow as both a programmer and, more generally, a person. That's why I think the article focuses too much on choosing a language that's familiar, codifying it as "just about all the good advice". This mindset is far, far too exaggerated in most programmers, and its what really slows down progress, especially for popular programming languages.

The blub paradox is also a bit misrepresented. Being a "blub" programmer is not a matter of being more or less intelligent—it's a matter of not knowing what you're missing. "Beating the Averages" is not "we used Lisp because we were smarter than you"; it's more like "we used Lisp because it offers some incredibly powerful tools that non-Lisp programmers have never used and so do not really appreciate". It's a matter of habits and experience, not intelligence.

My advice? Do try something unfamiliar. Especially if it seems to be higher in the great partial order of programming language power :).

Many of the brightest programmers I've ever met have struggled to get their heads around Haskell. Enough of them that I don't think it's really a PR issue or a lack of good introductory materials. I'm wiling to take the claims on faith that Haskell's design eliminates a lot of common programming errors but I've been listening to predictions of Haskell's emergence into the mainstream for almost 15 years now and, from where I sit, I have to say it's never going to happen.

I used to be a bench chemist in a pharmaceutical company and the tools we used to develop new drug candidates and the tools we used to put them into mass production were radically different. I don't see why software should be any different. Let Haskell be the proving ground for new ideas and we can cherry pick the best ones for simpler languages later.

> I used to be a bench chemist in a pharmaceutical company and the tools we used to develop new drug candidates and the tools we used to put them into mass production were radically different. I don't see why software should be any different. Let Haskell be the proving ground for new ideas and we can cherry pick the best ones for simpler languages later.

This is a very interesting observation. I would hazard a guess that Phil Wadler developed (or at least significantly contributed to proving type-theoretic soundness of) Java Generics and Collections after they sort of proved their worth in Haskell world.

Same with Lambda which made its way to Java 8. STM is perhaps next.

I don't think the credit for the java implementation of 'Lambda' should go to Haskell pioneering it and proving it useful. First class functions were present in lots of other languages, most notably the lisp family long before.

Generics also were not a new idea back then...and let's not forget Gilad and Martin, whose backgrounds weren't haskell.

Does anybody know when C++ got templates?

Certainly before 1994, given that Stepanov was already writing about his Standard Template Library for C++.

Do you recommend any framework for Haskell web development? I really liked toying around with the language, but I hit a brick wall when trying to build something "real" with it - it's hard to find decent guides that made the jump between the basics of writing functions, using recursion, etc and using the language on a full-on application.

Given I have been working with web development in Ruby and PHP for years, I would love to find a nice "getting started" guide for a good/well established Haskell framework.

I have been using Yesod in my day job with great success.

It also comes along with a free online book: http://www.yesodweb.com/book

Other popular alternative is Snap framework.

Happstack and Scotty are probably a little simpler for getting started imho

I think Haskell underestimates people's intelligence when it comes to things like mind-simulating state change in simple subroutines, and overestimates it when it comes to understanding lazy evaluation and monads. Humans had built useful structures long before they've been capable of rigorous abstract thought. How? By trial and error. Most people find it easier to learn how to catch a ball by practicing rather than by calculating its trajectory. I'm not saying that is always the right approach, but it does come more naturally to the human brain.

Haskell discounts the very useful choice of reasoning about your code after it runs, favoring, instead, all-upfront reasoning, often at the expense of facilitating the former. There are some domains where figuring everything up front is very important. Others, where trial and error is far more productive.

Trying unfamiliar things is very good advice, but not for an important project you want done relatively quickly, and which you'd have to maintain for years to come.

Pass in requests. Get responses back. Same input, same output, except for potentially dirtied DB hits. This is somewhat of a good fit for a functional language program that just handles request after request. For API's Haskell might be a great fit.

For server-side rendering of fat web clients, I don't see any way around node.js and my resentment of javascript without doing some impressive design of the client to be able to reinitialize itself from a JSON that pops out of the client state in the host language. It's possible, but I'm too busy with Kivy to mess with web development atm.

Whoops. MySQL. Nevermind. Everything is happy, everyone. I'll be going on my way now. Nice chat.

> Haskell discounts the very useful choice of reasoning about your code after it runs

Huh, I have never thought about it like that. Thanks.

I have little to add, but I'd make a similar case for Scala. If you're tied to the JVM or existing code, or don't want to make the leap to laziness/purity/immutability for everything from day 1, Scala can be a smoother way to learn these new concepts (which will ultimately make you more productive whichever language you use).

(And if you're going to use Play, Scala is very much the best way to do so)

Out of interest, what would you say are the kinds of bugs that using something like Haskell helps you avoid? I've had a look at Haskell before and while all the individual parts looked reasonable I struggled to understand both what an application would look like at a high level and what the inherent advantages are (not saying there aren't any - just that they didn't jump out to me).

In most languages I have learned I've generally reached a point fairly quickly (without hours) where I've thought "wow - this is cool!" and this is generally because of enabling me to do something more easily than in other languages - I've never got to that point with Haskell.

Note - this is just my own observation, not a criticism of Haskell or any of the resources I have used to try and learn it!

From my experience, using Haskell avoids all bugs because you'll never get anything deployed to production what with it being intractable murk.

http://programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/215482/what-a... has a good list of the type (no pun intended) of error that type systems can prevent

The problem with Haskell is its syntax. Too many arbitrary and traditionless things to memorize. It's curious that the Haskell developers try to one-up the rest of the language space in nearly every other space, but choose such a weird and unhelpful syntax.

Look at Python: The only reason people started to use it is because of the syntax. Now it's slowly eating Matlab and R in science - two specialized languages beaten in their own domain by a general purpose one because the general purpose one has nicer syntax.

How great wouldn't it have been to have a Haskell-like language with a Python-like syntax? But no, Haskell needs a "first-class syntax", as if keystrokes are the limiting factor in development.

> The problem with Haskell is its syntax. Too many arbitrary and traditionless things to memorize. It's curious that the Haskell developers try to one-up the rest of the language space in nearly every other space, but choose such a weird and unhelpful syntax.

I've seen this criticism before, and I don't understand it. The syntax of Haskell is not that big. There are some things a bit funky about it, especially the indent rules, but I don't see what there is to be mystified about.

On the other hand, it does introduce a lot of mind-bending concepts if your background includes imperative programming and no category theory, and that's typically what people find hard to grok. You don't find a pile of "Haskell syntax cheatsheets", you find a bunch of monad tutorials instead.

Yeah, but if the monads were the only problem it would be ok (for me at least). But I'm asked to learn monads while also learning this weird syntax. I'm asked to learn something I don't understand in a syntax I don't understand. It's a bit too much. Like a math lecture in which, aside from the new concepts, the lecturer has decided to replace the traditional symbols (+,-, etc) with his new and equally arbitrary ones (¤, @). Except, of course, that Haskell's syntax is often more arbitrary than its competitors.

Do you have a few concrete examples, out of curiosity?

Well, I basically went "fuck this" after looking at Haskell for a while, but there's surfaced some links in the comments (thanks, akavel) and they provide some examples: >>=, >>, >, <$>, <$, <>, $, ., !!, !, <|>, :, ::, \, @, ~, -<, <-, =>, -> Taken together the syntax makes no effort whatsoever to be self-explanatory. I could handle it if it was the only programming language I would ever use, but in the polyglot world we live in and with my leaky bucket of a long-term memory this is not good enough.

I see what you mean. Most of these are custom operators which happen to be in the stdlib, but I wouldn't say :: or ->, for instance, should feel particularly mysterious with a bit of practice.

bind, ??, more than, fmap, ??, monoid, f $ x f(x), f . g . x == f(g(x)), x !! 1 == x[1], seq, ??... and \ is lambda.

> The syntax of Haskell is not that big.

Neither is APL's syntax.

Too much operator overloading is just a bad idea.

There is not really any operator overloading going on. You can implement Monoid for your data structure, but as long as you follow the laws... well, you are implementing operations in the correct way, there is no abuse there, nothing that's surprising and going to bite whoever is reading your code.

But one thing where Haskell errs, in my opinion, is in allowing arbitrary infix operators with random ASCII characters, which library maintainers take as an encouragement to each create their own DSLs which totally makes sense to them and nobody else, but that's not the same thing as saying that Haskell-the-language has a huge syntax. Maybe that's what you mean.

And so with Scala (user-defined operators) and Clojure (macros).

Yeah, have you seen what the Scalaz guys are doing? The operators aren't even ASCII! Apparently, there's something about monads that absolutely requires weird symbols.

For me at least, that means exactly what you mention in your other reply below. Even more than weird operators themselves, but the problem for me is that they're hard to vocalize in my mind when reading. In other words, this:

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7746894/are-there-pronoun...

http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Pronunciation

plus any more potentially introduced by any libs, or whatever else. When I see any Haskell code, I feel that I trip on those every time. And among them, especially confusion between: -> => <- -< >>= >>

After fairly long time playing with Haskell, I find it quite beautiful and pleasure to use, but only for theory/book-ish use cases. As for real world usage - it is quite ugly and cumbersome, e.g. when you need some error handling and multiple monads using (with transformers), etc...

Another quick way to measure this - compare that beautiful pseudo quick sort to real quick sort (e.g. using Array.ST)...

I have to say that I agree with you. In principle, I find the notion of an effect system extremely powerful, both for safety and optimization, but Haskell's way of intermingling effects using monadic towers is terribly awkward and cumbersome, not to mention that it comes with a mental cost.

I'm all for trying something unfamiliar, and I could even argue for Haskell that way, but from a different angle.

I would say that adopting a language for the next 10 years that doesn't have purely functional data structures at its core is a fool's errand.

Persistent data structures, i.e. efficiently storing every version of your data structure, is the natural reflection of the new reality in computing where:

  * storage is cheap
  * random reads are cheap
  * random writes are expensive
  * serial writes are cheap

Whether you adopt this through Haskell, Clojure, scala or even Bloom e.a. is fairly inconsequential.

What will matter is that persistent data structures will inevitable become commonplace over the next decade and that techniques for leveraging it (such as functional reactive programming) will be adopted in one form or another.

@jacquesm: I live in Amsterdam so I can try to explain it to you in person once; virtually everyone still underestimates the impact this will have and (or perhaps because) it's very difficult to get that across in writing.

Living in Romania right now, but I'll ping you when I'm back in NL (I go there at least once every few weeks), Clojure seems to be the most approachable from the languages you list.

Besides your listed reasons mutable state is becoming a bigger and bigger bottle neck as the number of cores goes up and that's why functional programming is becoming more and more important. It also makes programs much harder to write in a bug-free manner and it makes testing much more difficult (if not impossible).

It's one of the core reasons why I felt so bad about dropping Erlang from the list because I feel that it gives me that plus a battle tested environment to work with.

Still tempted to put it back in. Your reasons add weight to an already very difficult decision, whether or not to pursue this opportunity as a way to get more into functional programming or to stay in my 'comfort zone'.

I've been toying around with FP on and off for the last couple of years and it is one of the most important revivals the computing world has seen to date (imo of course).

This may be my biases speaking but I'd say Scala is a more approachable option than Clojure (and more popular, and has a first-class web framework in Play). It keeps more of the traditional OO style and syntax - you can use scalaz and write scala that looks like Haskell, but you can also write code that corresponds line-by-line to java, whereas with Clojure you're forced to make a more immediate leap to the lisp-style syntax, immediately stop using inheritance, and so on.

That's a major appeal of Clojure, the Lisp (not Lisp-style) syntax, the functional paradigm (and the idioms are great). I really don't want to write code that corresponds line-by-line to Java. If I wanted to do that, I'd just write Java. However, Java interop with Clojure is straightforward. Furthermore, Clojure allows one to solve problems with an "orientation" toward objects, but as one learns to write Clojure well, the language guides one toward sublime and elegant functional solutions. An important thing about Clojure, however, is that it is not tied to the JVM; The original and most well-known implementation is for the JVM, but not only is there also Clojurescript, there are implementations that compile to CLR bytecode, Python, Ruby, and Actionscript. And with EDN, the extensible data notation, not only can you have your front-end and back-end codebases entirely in Clojure, you can transfer and store your data as Clojure too. I know not everyone has the same aesthetic tastes as I do, but I do like to think that there is something beautiful about this.

Finally, I must say that while Scala does indeed have a first-class web framework in Play, web frameworks are first-class objects in Clojure. Joke. Sort of. I personally do not want to have a monolithic pre-packaged web framework to bow down to; the Clojure community is a community of hackers, we like to make things out of other things, and to take things apart. Clojure and the work of its community allows me to compose my own web framework as needed very very quickly–and to drastically change it just as fast. I'm not saying you should stop doing what you like to do, but if you gave Clojure a chance...dude: it's addictive.

> I really don't want to write code that corresponds line-by-line to Java. If I wanted to do that, I'd just write Java.

The code I write now is nothing like Java, but it's a question of how you get from there to here. When I started Scala I wrote what I'd write in Java. In the first week I removed the semicolons. In the second week I started to use function literals. Then I started using match/case. Later I found out about for/yield with futures. And so on. I learnt the language at my job, and I was delivering real, user-facing features in it from day 1. I don't think I could've done the same with Clojure.

(Reasonable people can disagree on syntax; I find that Scala's lets you get very close to the language of the domain (e.g. see the Spray "routing DSL") and that's worth the cost it imposes on the macro system)

Persistent structures are almost always O log N (because they have to be trees). You can fix your branch out for better performance at the cost of more wasted space. You will never be as fast as an array.

Also, sometimes you want your updates to a data structure to be seen via an alias (happens often actually), then we are back at square one again.

Systems people are much more pragmatic about this: they see the trends in hardware before we PL people do, and their solution has never been functional programming. Ok, well...maybe once with MapReduce (but Jeff and Sanjay are both systems PL people).

At n=32 the performance costs are as negligible as dynamic typing once was (even less I'd argue.) As far as I can tell that very much puts us at the point in time where mutable state is usually a premature optimization.

Adopting it successfully does require separating essential from accidental state which naturally leads to some variant of FRP being adopted to manage (re-)derivation of accidental state; which is usually the hard to explain part.

I am wondering what you do see systems people doing by the way? I'm always interested in broadening my perspective on this.

n=32 leads can lead to lots of sparseness, memory pressure, bad locality (given sparseness); its not going to fly easily as the default. The shared memory aspect is even a bigger hurdle: people share memory for a reason, its not very often accidental. FRP is hardly the answer, but I work on a competing paradigm so mark me as biased.

The systems people I work with do a lot of key value stores (sharded NoSQL-style databases), there is a lot of pipelining for data parallel processing (MapReduce, Pig), and there is still a lot of classic locking going on, throughput is important. Oh, and lots of Paxos, logging, state replication, etc... The normal stuff you could find at Google (note I don't work for Google).

On the HPC side, the people that really care about performance, there is some map reduce via MPI, but most of the big gains are to be had in CUDA, which is an extremely imperative programming model with very synchronized core executions and memory accesses.

I've learned that whenever the FP people talk about high performance, they usually mean something else (like concurrency that isn't so slow), rather than the real high performance stuff that the big kids (systems and HPC communities) are doing.

I never meant to imply FP is already the right choice for big data (which is what I think you refer to by 'systems people') or high performance computing.

The reality though is that well over 99% of the market works with data sets for which, with current hardware, the performance costs of these persistent data structures are very much irrelevant.

When you add FRP on top of that so that you can keep your managed state minimal you can actually often achieve quite dramatic performance improvements over the traditional hand-written data-to-UI synchronisation.

For persistent data structures to come into their own for big data quite a few more things are needed of course; but if you look at Nathan Marz's Lambda Architecture for example it's little more than a handwritten system for making large scale persistent data structures manageable with today's systems already.

I'm fairly sure that tooling for that will only improve over time until the very thought of manually managing derivation pipelines becomes as quaint as manual memory management.

As for HPC; yes... I would not be surprised at all if at that level mutable state no longer is a premature optimization. Even there I could imagine many of the more high-level control structures benefitting from persistent data structures though.

About the FRP part; which competing paradigm are you working on? I wouldn't be able to name a 'competitor' so I'm quite curious.

It actually involves versioned data structures (similar, but a but more complicated than persistent data structures, and outwardly they appear mutable):

http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/211297/managedtime.pdf

I already had a feeling we were essentially arguing the same thing...

Yes; the managed time approach in Glitch is very interesting and indeed a competitor towards addressing the same problem I originally raised.

The core of my original statement/problem definition was that real mutable state, i.e. throwing away history by default, was no longer the smart thing to do given current hardware.

From what I can tell you would also agree with that...

I would, but it doesn't necessarily have to happen with persistent data structures, and I would also argue that they aren't really sufficient (the history has to be useful, after all). They are convenient, and I'm using trees in my current implementation.

> virtually everyone still underestimates the impact this will have and (or perhaps because) it's very difficult to get that across in writing.

Why is it hard to get across in writing?

I'd say because of two reasons:

a) it requires putting together a fairly large number of concepts of moderate complexity (and you never know which ones your readers already understand.)

b) many of the concepts sound trivial and people usually don't grasp their power until you've listed X amounts of things it would enable.

And to be clear; it's hard for me to put in writing for now ;)

Persistent structures do not map well with how computers work in reality.

I disagree. Haskell is unfamiliar, AND it's difficult. They're separate.

In any case, I'm definitely not smart enough to use it. The issue isn't functional programming, though, which is why Elixir looks very interesting.

I also think "it shines in finance" is a little weird. It's used in finance because it's an industry with a premium on correctness and a sympathy for math, but I don't think it's generally better suited to solving those problems than to solving other problems. If I had to point to one area that Haskell is clearly better at than "mainstream" languages it would probably be tree manipulation - and as a consequence compilers - due to structural pattern matching (for small stuff) and evaluation strategies (for larger and more abstract stuff).

I love Haskell because I don't have to depend on my working memory. It's so nice to have the compiler tell me everywhere some type I've changed is used, or places I've forgotten to consider possible values.

Dropwizard is where it's at right now for Java frameworks. It's a superproject that glues together the best pieces out there. Surprised it wasn't on the wikipedia list.

Which brings up another point: if we're talking about web frameworks for the next decade we should really be looking at service-oriented architectures / single-page apps or whatever you want to call that model. It's quite different from the web frameworks of yesteryear that generated UI on the server. Dropwizard can do web views but it really positions itself as a REST service framework.

So, that brings javascript frameworks into the consideration. And the author has a paragraph where he just dismisses it as a "terrible hack"...??? I think that is going to seriously hamper the outcome here. It's good that modern web apps leverage the power of the browser and JS frameworks are the way to do that.

>Dropwizard can do web views but it really positions itself as a REST service framework.

That would eliminate it for me.

Not everyone is coding APIs and fat client web apps. I'd prefer a framework geared up to do standard web apps as well.

That may be what you want right now but the article is about something that will last 10 years. And what constitutes a "standard web app" is definitely shifting and will likely solidify over that time. "Fat client" isn't really the best term for it, because the client code is usually pretty lightweight. I'd say "modern web app".

I'd be including a consideration of AngularJS, Backbone, Ember etc. + a service-oriented backend framework like Dropwizard. That's also incidentally how you'd architect your backend support a native mobile client, which is a good thing to prepare for even if you think you only need an HTML frontend right now.

The "cutting-edge" web frameworks that already exist today are the fat client frameworks you describe (client-side rendering). The web frameworks of the future will have robust server-side and client-side rendering, in my opinion. We're already seeing a little bit of this with Airbnb and Rendr for Backbone, React, and Twitter's web app, but it's not quite there.

It does standard good old fashioned web apps as well:

https://dropwizard.github.io/dropwizard/manual/views.html

Don't forget that old style web apps are basically REST frameworks that render content with a content type of text/html...

> Don't forget that old style web apps are basically REST frameworks that render content with a content type of text/html...

They really aren't. A REST API wants to be simple and orthogonal; if you want two different pieces of data you make two different calls, so they're well suited to the "one controller per URL" paradigm. A traditional web app needs to combine and reuse components on every page (e.g. you might have a "messages" widget or a "user info" widget, which you would want to be encapsulated with their own logic), so you need better support for composing together different pieces of logic, and a single controller no longer makes sense.

Fair point there!

JSF it is :(

What do you think of Play?

It's interesting but I don't know about 10 year longevity. I guess because it doesn't score super great in benchmarks, does bytecode hacking / is not standard Java, and all really just to focus on making those initial stages of a project a little easier.

Dropwizard is still pretty easy to use for a Java developer but has the advantage of being standard Java and pulling together the very best open source projects out there.. so it inherits the communities and experience around each of those projects. That probably has better prospects in the long run.

I mean even if Dropwizard goes away, it's basically a glorified bundle of those projects which already have multiple years and tons of usage behind them.

Play does seem to have a burgeoning community though but it's too early to tell whether it's "take over the world" or "go the way of Scala".

[1] http://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=data-r9&hw=pe...

FTA: "I still haven’t forgiven Microsoft for their countless misdeeds so Asp/C#/F# are all right out. That may be shooting myself in the foot here (cut off my nose to spite my face), but contributing to this decision is that I work exclusively with linux (both on desktops, laptops and servers) so the MS ecosystem has become totally unfamiliar to me and I don’t like running windows on servers (though, of course there are some workarounds possible here and Mono is quite good). So, the L in my LAMP is firmly established. And besides, I don’t have a lawyer on the payroll to make sure that my licenses are all read, ok’d and acceptable."

I really think the author is missing out here - for the sake of just sticking with what they know and not wanting to do any actual research, it's impossible to come up with an actual objective choice. So misinformed, I get that .NET/C# development is not everybody's cup of tea but I think it's crazy to title an article "Choosing a Web Framework/Language Combo for the Next Decade" without even evaluating an extremely popular option due to simple disinterest. The lawyer comment is just irrational fear (and I get is probably meant to be a bit of a gibe towards Microsoft's licensing schemes), unless you're writing something completely from scratch, you need to be aware of the licenses of ANY library/framework you depend on, even if they're free.

FWIW, I'd remove GWT from consideration. I heard that it's shortlisted for end-of-life at Google because it's a hassle to work with.

Anecdotally, I agree with that. I once built a product on GWT because it impressed me so much on paper. Static typing, compiling permutations of your app and loading only what's needed, optimization of stylesheets, rendering only on the client etc. It seemed perfect. IIRC the two main issues at the time, a few years ago, were a) terribly slow tooling for any decent sized app and b) the usual interface-hell of Java. This may not be a problem if you're used to it, but for me it was an issue.

Wow. That's going to piss off quite a few people if google EOL's GWT and they know about it today but are not communicating it to the outside world.

Google has a habit of pushing tech out for people to build on and then pulling the rug right out from under them.

A citation would really help here but 'I heard' makes me realize that will probably not be forthcoming.

Actually, the GWT governance has been handed over to the community ( http://googlewebtoolkit.blogspot.ch/2013/07/gwt-news.html ). It's quite obvious that they have less love for gwt than before, but I don't think we can classify it as a EOLed project (as it's actively developed and there is a community outside of google).

I know the Google GWT manager, and unless he's playing his cards very close to his chest, GWT is not EOL'd inside of Google.

Google did "re-open source" GWT a few years ago, and unfortunately it coincided their (AFAIK unrelated) closing of their Atlanta office (where most of the old GWT team worked).

So, it gave the impression of washing their hands of it, but in reality they a) staffed their GWT team back up to 4-5 people, and b) the open source model is much healthier for the project anyway.

(Previously the master GWT SCM has literally Google's internal Perforce/etc. repository, so any patches from external contributors had to be fostered by a Googler that cared about your issue, which made it really hard/impossible to have an external community of committers.)

I think it will be a long long time before the tech community will forget about wave, that makes rumours like these so credible.

> I heard that it's shortlisted for end-of-life at Google because it's a hassle to work with.

Did you hear that from a Googler that actually knows their long term budget/support plans for GWT, or just the usual misguided rumors?

Right now Google has 4-5 full-time developers working on GWT because it's used by AdWords (huge) and literally 1,000+ other projects (private and public) inside of Google (including for parts the new "Sheets 2.0" of Google spreadsheets).

The end-of-life comment aside, which I'm admittedly defensive about, your other criticisms are unfortunately very valid.

Personally, I think a good framework is essential, and the compiler is a known issue that they currently have several smart people working on. We should see by mid-summer if they pull it off.

The move to superdevmode is the nail in the coffin for GWT for me. It has been my go-to framework for the past 5 years. I really love doing everything in Java (I don't like Javascript, don't particularly enjoy writing HTML, and find the compile time checks of the UI invaluable); some of the core components are clunky to work with, but you can easily write some component libraries that sit on top of GWT and generate elegant HTML. The killer feature is being able to debug UI code in your IDE (specifically, for me, IntelliJ). With the loss of classic dev-mode (mainly due to browsers being a moving target, and the GWT team being too small) that is no longer possible; you now have to interact with the browser's built in debugger, which is qualitatively much worse.

So, I'm on the hunt for a replacement too. It'll still be Java-centric (compiled languages ftw), probably will involve Dropwizard, and ideally will generate much of the Javascript. I don't know if that exists yet though.

> ideally will generate much of the Javascript

Just to play devil's advocate, but with any compiled-to-JS language, you're right back to where GWT is with superdevmode: stuck in the browser's debugger.

My hope is that with enough "compiled-to-JS" languages (Coffeescript, etc.) becoming popular that browser vendors will build a standard debugging wire protocol, much like the JVM's, which would allow IDE-based debugging of sourcemapped JS code.

This project is taking that on for Eclipse, which is a huge challenge and I'm very impressed that they're even attempting it:

https://github.com/sdbg/sdbg

Given you use IntelliJ, which typically has a much faster turn around on supporting bleeding-edge browser/etc. integration, I would actually except them to get it first.

The thing is that it doesn't matter if it is EOLed or rumored to be. These things always have a chicken-egg problem because even the rumor will demoralize people to use it in new projects which will make commits fewer which will make users fewer which will make the project die anyways, and that's because a) Google has a history of abandoning projects b) people like to be optimistic (unrealistic) when they chose a framework so they think it will be good for X years.

> Python has always been a mixed bag for me. What I wrote in it worked, when I wrote it. Then, a little while later it stops working, either because some module that it depends on gets deprecated or changed in an incompatible way, starts to exhibit weird behavior or even disappears.

This is no longer a problem in Python because of virtualenv and pip, which together allow you to tie down the version numbers of all the dependencies an application uses.

I'm also a bit frustrated with the Yii situation, although I do understand why they're doing it. Yii 2.0 is a total rewrite, and it is technically very impressive. However they have had the disadvantage of not being able to ship until it reaches feature parity with 1.1 which has been a huge undertaking.

The lead developer, Qiang, is literally the second most active developer on github[0], so it's not like they're not trying - the guy is currently on a 370+ day streak - it has taken a huge amount of effort for them to get to this stage.

I would personally build on the beta at this point because I have a lot of faith in the core team and they've had a lot of time to iron out any major problems, at this stage any changes are likely to be quite minor or fixes, so the real release will probably ship before your new project does.

Kohana seems dead and CakePHP has historically been rather slow and ungainly.

The lack of library support for Lua is a bit annoying, but it's getting better and can possibly be mitigated by using Lua's FFI to talk to C. If the eco-system was a bit more mature OpenResty[1] would be pretty compelling.

0. https://gist.github.com/paulmillr/2657075 1. http://openresty.org/

Qiang being so much of the driving force behind Yii is actually a strike against Yii. It would be much better if that load were spread out more, even if that probably would delay a release. SPOFs are not good.

I think most projects have natural leaders, but if Qiang was hit by a bus tomorrow it would be a tragedy but Yii would not die with him. The other core developers, especially Alex and Carsten, are more than capable of picking up the reins, and the project has enough momentum, and has received huge investments of time and energy - it isn't going to go away at this point.

Kohana has died as far as I'm concerned. Such a shame, but it was a great replacement for CodeIgniter back in the day. CakePHP tried to hard to be Rails and messed it up, and I've never forgiven it, and it was horribly slow in my benchmarking.

Out of PHP frameworks, I would rule out anything that doesn't use Composer. If you can't use the best bit of tooling PHP has gained lately (other than HHVM) and are stuck copying libraries in by hand, well if you want it to survive then you've made the wrong decision IMO.

Personally, I would pick either Symfony or Laravel, the latter for development speed, the former for robustness and power (and explicitness, I'm working on a 400k line web app in Laravel which has had too many shit developers hacking on it over the last 12 months, and we get bitten by magic weekly because a long since fired or quit dev worked against the framework rather than with it).

400kloc on Laravel, holy shit snacks what the hell does it do?

I just cloc'd my projects root and including laravel and some dependencies (/vendor) that's 295,000loc).

Far, far too much. :'(

It's a corporate real estate web app, client facing and internal all in the one big app, so they can run their business (taking on a MASSIVE incumbent in the industry) all from the one bit of software. Has nearly 100kloc in an Angular front end, too. Huge bastard that I inherited two months ago, and have finally got it to a state where we can hand it over to the clients internal team. Easily the most challenging project I've tackled thus far in my career, but I managed to do it (with the help of two other awesome developers)!

To me, the most interesting thing about this post is that there is no clear answer. We're mired in, frankly, a lot of junk. There's no winner because nothing is really very good.

If you arbitrarily reject everything unfamiliar then filter the remainder for stability you wind up with unremarkable stuff that will get the job done. There are better ways to write web apps but you're not going to find them following the process outlined in the post.

Boring unremarkable stuff that gets the job done sounds great to me. Sexy, new, hot, flashy are exactly what I'm trying to avoid getting sucked in to (though, believe me I can feel the draw).

The life-cycle of the software underpinning what I build is as important or even more important than whether or not it is 'the best way' to do something today. Because that best way is the bleeding edge and the day after tomorrow (or even tomorrow) that will be something else.

I don't have the manpower nor the interest and time to keep rebuilding the stuff I put out there.

I was really drawn to the title of your post because that's just what I have done--well, over the last few months--and I went with Clojure. I want to absolutely focus now and I can see the momentum is gonna take me for at least the next 10 years. I never rode the Rails train and after becoming a functional programming believer I'm kinda glad I didn't in retrospect, but I had always been envious of people who did make that decision to become good at a stack. I agree with you that the error exploding in Clojure is not nice, but to me it makes up for it in being on top of both Java and JavaScript (having been a JS dev previously, but being entirely tired of the convulsion of frameworks and build tools and module systems.)

It's a lisp that, as opposed to Lisp and Scheme, is not fragmented and seems to have mostly a healthy, united community. I see amazingly smart people, and so many of them, pushing Clojure forward (Rich Hickey, Stuart Sierra, David Nolen, Chas Emerick to name a few) and yet it's more approachable than Haskell. And I think these people will eventually find good, standardized solutions for things like the awfully ugly stacktraces.

Clojure doesn't really have a 'framework', and I like it that it's really composable in that sense. But things like Ring and Compojure are lightweight no-brainers, much like Rails is a heavyweight no-brainer for Ruby. What I want to say is, unlike JavaScript, after having picked Clojure as the language, the choice of everything else is mostly always a no-brainer (e.g. leiningen, core.async, enlive/hiccup, maybe Om soon.) And that really pleases my choice-avert brain.

Another well reasoned upvote for clojure then. Tempting to put it back in, I've already played with it quite a bit, wrote some toy programs in it.

Thank you!

Most welcome! I wrote that wall of text more in wanting to get my reasons out of my head, like you did, than in trying to wrestle you over to my side of the field. But if you want to be really tempted now, reconsider, like someone else commented here, the importance of concurrency and persistent data structures for web development going forward. Even for a one-man team (such as I plan to be, and actually one of my side-projects in Clojure has to do with language learning and SRS, would love to keep up with what you end up doing.) It means you can handle traffic spikes and trace errors as a one-man operation much more easily than if you had stateful bugs and failures to deal with.

I think this is a good assessment. I'm a little more bearish, though I love the language. I rode the Rails train in the past and recently embarked on a real web project with Compojure.

At first it felt like a very mixed bag. There are a number of reasonable if boring things that Rails provides that help make it easier to get your app production-ready––robust logging and asset compilation come to mind––that generally have to be hand-rolled in Compojure (as in microframeworks in other languages). More generally, there aren't many clear signposts from an architectural point of view––for example, there does not appear to be much community guidance over how to organize your namespaces, or how much code one should contain. We made some messes early on.

Once my partner and I got past the initial pain, however, we were extremely pleased with our choice. There are still times when I suspect Rails might have gotten us to market more quickly, but Clojure feels like a good ten-year choice. I certainly agree it's worth a second look.

Your decision process isn't the same one I would have gone through* but it's rational. I was responding to the conclusion that "nothing out there is very good".

* I believe that the incidental complexity in web development is rooted in state and in the interactions between various pieces of state in the app. Choosing tools and patterns that reduce state generally results in composable abstractions and more reliable systems. I don't have the solution to web development (FWIW, I use Clojure server side and React client side) but evaluating every new tool I come across against this criterion makes it easy to decide whether to adopt it or not.

Do you use Om with React? If so, do you have an opinon on it vs. Backbone, Angular, etc.?

I've used Om and it works but the cljs ecosystem only really started up in December when Om came out and everybody discovered React. I don't use/recommend Clojurescript outside a Clojure shop because frontend skillset+clojure is extremely rare and you do have to do everything yourself.

If you have a Backbone app, replacing your Backbone views with React is a pretty substantial win. The Backbone app structure works best if you can just listen for a change event and run your model through template code and slap it into the DOM but that gets complicated if you want to nest views, the DOM you're replacing has state, or you have something like jQuery UI widgets. All these issues simply go away if your view code is React and everything just works. I don't find the Backbone abstractions too useful so I've only done this personally when consulting and wanting to make the minimal set of changes to the codebase.

I was using Angular for two years before I switched over to React. React basically replaces directives and for that use it's simpler, composes just as well, and scales better for both data size and dom node count. Replace the Angular DI stuff with browserify/webpack and Jest and there's not that much left. The main reason to use Angular would be if you want to take advantage of the Angular ecosystem or if you plan on focusing mainly on directives to support a bunch of designers since non-directive Angular is super simple.

For other stuff, the main benefit in a two way databinding framework (or virtual DOM diffing) is that you can isolate your business logic from the DOM. That's the major win and everything else is pretty much taste. The React approach results in the least amount of state in my code by a fairly significant margin so I consider it the best but having different preferences is completely reasonable.

Might as well go with the one which sparked the wave which inspired most of these.

Rails is pretty much the premier MVC framework. If you are going to go MVC, go with Rails. If we are looking for an alternative to Rails, then we are probably looking for an alternative to MVC, and none of these mentioned choices fit the bill.

I wonder when the day will come that we finally get sick of recreating all the libraries that typically go into an MVC framework. That day, Rails will still be going strong and we will probably give up and just go with Rails.

Of all the choices mentioned, not many have been around as long as Rails. For every day that Rails survives, the stronger it becomes. The more likely it will continue while the alternatives shrivel.

One day MVC may become obsolete, but some people might still want to use an MVC framework for whatever reason. That day, Rails will be there waiting for you.

Years ago, I watched the video on how to build a blog in 10(?) minutes. Today, I can still somewhat follow that video. With many of the MVC frameworks in this list, you couldn't do that. ZF1 is not ZF2 for example. The framework was completely changed. They might as well call ZF2 by a different name. If it were called anything more interesting than "Zend Framework" then maybe it would have a different name.

Go is interesting, but the MVC web framework ecosystem has to be created, just like we did for Node. I don't even know if that will happen anytime, or ever. Maybe people are getting sick of doing that. And then you need to wait X years to see if something actually has any lasting power.

Screw it, just go with Rails.

Or Django. ;)

For all the mentions of MVC in your post, you should probably realize that Rails isn't really MVC. Some of the new JS frameworks are actually MVC, but Rails it is not. (Rails is more Model2: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model2 than true MVC).

Right, but it's a close enough match to meet his requirements.

ETA: A blue collar match as opposed to an academic match. ;)

I've used Laravel a lot and my very biased personal opinion is that it's hard to beat. Have you tried it?

i think only people who still code RoR tend to see it as the center of the universe.

others may appreciate its influence but can see that a lot of what it offered is just a convenient packaging of what is available in other languages, presented in a more inviting "DIY" form. I used to be a Rails guy & have since learned Java. There is not much I miss, if anything.

I could definitely do some things faster in Rails but now... I don't know, given the task of creating a CRUD interface in Rails or Java i think i would be faster in Rails but not by a wide margin. If I had to add any side-effects/system integrations/free-form code/advanced persistence with the expectation that it will be performant & scalable -- I would be lightyears quicker in Java.

The kicker for me though is that I would expect the Rails application to need a gem upgrade, security patches, server migration, or minor refactor to comply with plugin API changes at least every 6 months. I think the Java app could sit on a cloud host for a decade without any maintenance required (provided it implements pretty open specs).

I mainly code node.js & client-side js for hobby projects, but am considering Dropwizard or Clojure instead of node (I only use this because my apps are pretty json heavy so I'm trying out mongodb and want to go full-stack js). I know I found it daunting to leave Rails & go to more free-form code, but now I find it really liberating & I'm not scared of much. There is a Java lib for pretty much everything. NPM is pretty well-stocked too.

Interesting views on Python - I decided to start using it for personal projects after trying Go for a bit. Initially I hated the significant whitespace, and indeed many other things, but I stuck with it and I find it all rather elegant - I certainly haven't noticed any huge problems with dependencies but I've probably stuck with pretty mainstream ones (e.g. Requests).

I now rather like significant whitespace and often find myself considering that my ideal language would probably be half way between Python and Lisp.

I had enough syntax errors appearing after a copy and paste that ended up with difficult to spot unaligned code that I decided to use Python only for little scripts and when I'm forced to use it and nothing else would do. The problem with Python is that editors don't have hints to autoalign the code for us. Same problem with templating languages like HAML and Slim which, oh the irony, were born for Rails. Nevertheless many people like Python and it's growing strong (maybe stronger as system/desktop language than for the web) so those problems of mine are not as big as I feel they are. But how do you survive to them or make them not happen? I'm sincerely interested.

I must admit that I only really took to Python once I got IDE support (initially in Visual Studio with PVTS and for the last while with PyCharm).

I'm very happy with PyCharm.

Exactly, use PyCharm for auto-identing and this is no longer an issue. For shells, you can use bpython or IPython to the same effect.

I've found the same as you - pasting code from anywhere to a Python application comes with a risk. This risk is however not too different from other languages where you wouldn't want mixed spaces and tabs in your code either. In my opinion, Python just enforces good coding style. You might have been as the error messages I get is rather verbose telling me the linenumber with an exception "IndentationError: unexpected indent" or "IndentationError: unindent does not match any outer indentation level". The first is for wrong identation level and the second is for mixed tabs and spaces.

Anyways - to mitigate the risk of misaligned code. The usual thing is that the wrong type of indentation is used. I use sublime text and in that editor there's a button where I can convert tabs to spaces and vice versa. The other thing is that of misaligned code with your existing code. You can usually get some plugins that handle this for you. In Python I use the Anaconda-plugin with the 'Auto format' feature which aligns in accordance to the PEP-8 standard.

I like significant whitespace too, but it is not without its drawbacks (eg, sometimes you need to wrap things in parentheses when you want a linebreak). Playing with Rust reminded me that you can do very nice things with a curly-braced syntax as well.

I wonder if hylang (hylang.org) might suit your tastes. Lisp syntax, macros and full access to the Python ecosystem as it compiles to the Python AST I believe. The bad puns and cartoons come for free :) I wonder if django and hy play well together.

>my ideal language would probably be half way between Python and Lisp

You might like F# then. It's concise like Python and has all the power of functional programming.

I create a new personal web project around 3 times a year, and go through this exercise each time. I am still not happy with the choices out there. The last couple of times I have settled on Python/Flask.

The dismissal of Python and not Ruby over arguments of slowness of execution and dependency issues seems backwards to me.

The main reason I choose Python is because I can jump into a codebase that is years old and immediately understand what the code is doing. Brevity and readability trump just about everything else for me. I also like the pluggable nature of the Flask ecosystem.

I've been in a quest for my favorite web server technology as well for the last 2 years, so this definitely rings a bell. I pretty much agree with evertyhing the author said, except for one :

Dismissing python due to maintenance difficulties and not Ruby seems weird. Both are highly dynamic languages with not much help from static analysis, and this is for me the reason why maintenance may be hard.

The fact that whitespace was an issue to OP probably means he never used PyCharm. I haven't had any single syntax issue since I started using this IDE.

I had the same knee jerk and even a bit further: ruby seems to embrace the "go fast and break things" philosophy much more than python.

That is quite possibly true but I've never even written a line in ruby so I'm unfamiliar with this. Thanks for the warning!

Being a Java/JVM expert, I wanted to add a couple of thoughts to your process. I'm not insinuating that you should change anything you've done!

- Dropping JBoss Seam as a framework was a good choice because the important parts of Seam have been added to the JavaEE system, which provides an end-to-end set of technology specifications. If you choose to run a Java Application Server (such as JBoss EAP, Glassfish or Wildfly), then the server will support the full set of specifications, but you don't have to use them. Since JavaServer Faces (JSF) is one of those specification, I'm not really surprised you hadn't heard of it ... it's essentially JSP with lifecycle control and data-binding.

- GWT is indeed a Java technology, but it produces client-side code. For big projects, I generally use GWT with Bootstrap to generate the client. It compiles into Javascript producing several versions optimized for different browser groups. Using Martin Fowler's Passive View pattern, it's easy to write fast tests for your client-side business logic, and since it's typesafe, you get compiler errors before the compilation to Javascript instead of the run-time errors you often see when writing in Javascript (or Coffeescript). Since I generally write the back-end for a generic JavaEE server, I also tend to use REST calls from GWT to an Application Server for client-server communication.

- If you're looking for an ORM, none of the Java frameworks will include one directly, but it should be pluggable. When people talk about Java web frameworks, they're often constrained to just the "View" tier. Spring provides a much more full-featured stack (with DI and JPA) and is more analogous to JavaEE as a whole. I think you should consider those two as the full-stack contenders in Java. You can add GWT onto either if you need a client-side Java technology (I'm sure you'd NEVER use Java Applets for the client side right?).

- I happen to like Scala and appreciate how purely it seems to add a syntax to Lambda calculus. Martin Odersky's "Principles of Functional Programming in Scala" on Coursera was a great class, but I'm hoping the Scala IDE advances quickly. I'll admit I've never written production software in Scala (or using WAVE) but I also admire one project that's using it successfully (https://github.com/takezoe/gitbucket).

Super comment, thanks a ton, I will update the post at some point after this thread has cooled down a bit and I will definitely use your input.

You're welcome ... I'm happy to see someone looking at this question from a pragmatic stand-point. The continuity of libraries and frameworks and the "usefulness" of a language are IMPORTANT but usually these trade-offs are discounted versus "coolness" by those comparing the frameworks. If you're focusing on getting something accomplished, chasing every new and improved library, framework and architectural pattern only does one thing - it keeps you from ever delving deeply enough into one technology stack to truly become an expert. Pragmatism and zealotry don't mix.

I should have also stated in my comment above that I almost gave up on Enterprise Java back in the J2EE 1.4 days (2005-2007 if I recall correctly). When you have to create multiple Java files for every EJB (mostly Entity and Stateless Session beans) and edit XML deployment descriptors (many times one deployment descriptor for each supported application server), Java programming feels as tedious as many people describe.

The contrast with JavaEE 6/7 is amazing - the technologies that are encompassed in each of the specifications tend to follow the same pattern. Write a POJO and add annotations. For instance, if you need a business method that consumes messages from a message queue and processes them, that's one (short) Java file with some annotations. For a more complicated example, if you have a database table and want to expose the records via a RESTful interface, here's what you'd have to write six (small) files as follows:

- One entity bean with fields annotated for the ORM as well as accessors and mutators.

- One stateless session bean with your business methods - in this case providing CRUD operations against the entity bean (using a PersistenceContext from JPA)

- One JAX-RS annotated class to provide the RESTful API's methods (again an annotated POJO).

- One Application class (with very few lines of code - it activates JAX-RS).

- One persistence.xml file to define a datasource.

- One (empty) beans.xml file to activate CDI.

If you stick with the JavaEE annotations and configuration files, there are some real benefits to this structure:

- The ORM's entities and configuration are database agnostic ... the same WAR file could be deployed against your MySQL servers, Oracle (for those who have money to burn) or PostgreSQL.

- The application will run on any JavaEE compliant application server. Deploy the file to Glassfish, Wildfly, JBoss EAP or even WebLogic (for those who have money to burn).

- The ORM will cache entities (and can be configured to use a second-level cache when it's prudent). When you start caching database rows, you have to be careful and there may be tuning involved.

- The Application Server will create pools of each of the objects that will be used so that it's not creating and destroying objects over and over again. This is a huge performance gain for servers with a lot of request-scoped web transactions that use stateless session beans for business logic.

There are also ways to create enterprise Java applications that are a little more light-weight (though today's Application Servers have lost a lot of their girth). If you simply use a servlet container you can still use JSF which has a better templating engine that JSP. You can add CDI by including the library and a little bit of bootstrap code. Application servers like Apache TommEE start with Tomcat and add libraries as needed.

It also occurs to me that the "experimental phase" you're embarking on could be leveraged to be both crowd-sourced and open-source. Since you're starting from scratch with each of these technologies, wouldn't it be interesting to have a complete newbie and an expert produce the same application using each of the surviving frameworks?

If you publish a light-weight specification for your test project and open a Github project with each framework's implementation in a sub-directory, I'd be really curious to see what efficiencies and problems were experienced with each implementation. It would also give you a way of comparing your implementations to others.

I'm very curious how the Google searches were done. I get 2.5 million results for "ruby sinatra" on Google vs. 5160 in the article. The numbers I get for "ruby rails" are similarly much higher. So clearly he must be searching for something else. Even "ruby sinatra framework" gets 388,000 for me.

Choosing a framework/language for the next ten years sounds like a fools errand to me. Both because what "best" is changes much, much more rapidly than that - and because I'd pick different frameworks depending on the team and project.

Starting at the framework end doesn't help me much. Instead I go with the people I have for the project and the things I want to do/validate - and start looking for what gets me progress as quickly as possible.

Indeed. Picking a framework/language for the next ten years at this particular time feels a bit like picking the best horse and cart just as the automobile is getting popular.

It's an exaggeration, of course, but the fact that we're undergoing some big changes in web development (more on the client-side with server-side api) makes me thing this might not be the best moment to think of picking something for the next ten years.

I'd say it makes sense to choose the language based on the team and project as well. There's really no reason to limit yourself to a single language.

"JavaScript web frameworks seem to have a half-life of about 6 months..."

Express [1] has been the dominant framework for Node.js since 2009-2010. What frameworks are you talking about?

[1] https://github.com/visionmedia/express

Well, Express happens to be a very good example of what the author was talking about. Even its creator knows it: https://github.com/koajs/koa

But I get what you are saying, Express was among the most stable+popular pieces of js done in the last years.

I wouldnt consider Express as a framework.

It's just a router and a few middleware. Hapi or Actionhero are frameworks though rest ones.Express is definetly not a framework,it doesnt do anything much.

Writing Spring like, Symfony like frameworks is hard in nodejs. Libs are bad,often tightly coupled,and frankly nobody's maintaining nothing on the long run.

> Express is definetly not a framework,it doesnt do anything much.

Consider that your definition of a framework may be different from others.

jaquesm's requirements, per the linked article, are that "Sessions, authentication, routing, internationalization, MVC, caching, mobile, templating, ORM and so on should preferably all be part of the deal, so batteries included please". GP's comment was presumably made with that context in mind. Arguing for Express on the grounds that the word 'framework' doesn't imply those those things doesn't invalidate his requirements - definitions aside, Express clearly doesn't satisfy them.

Google could give a huge boost in confidence in Go, tomorrow (or rather within 2 years) - just make Go the official main language to use for writing Android apps and start deprecating Java.

Once it does that, I don't think there will be any doubt in anyone's mind that Go has less chance of survival than say Java. In fact, Java will immediately lose confidence once Android drops Java (in a reasonable 3-5 year timeframe).

Are you suggesting that the Go language would be retargeted to the VM?

Or that Android apps would be compiled into binaries executed without a VM?

Either way, fascinating idea, and it would be a good way to settle the Google/Oracle dispute once and for all. If they choose the second path (security will be a huge concern) they might even pick up a nice speed boost too.

I've secretly hoped Google would be going down this path for a long time but sadly no evidence of it.

> Or that Android apps would be compiled into binaries executed without a VM?

What I imagine in my Android-Go-fantasy is something like NaCl - your code compiles to native code, but a subset of provably safe native code ... so sort of a best of both worlds.

I haven't made any mobile apps for Android precisely because it uses Java. If I could use Go to build apps - oh boy, I'd be a happy camper.

Surely it could, but the problem with that strategy is that Android is of far, far greater strategic importance than Go. Rocking the boat on the former to boost the latter doesn't make any sense at all.

The other consideration needs to be "How did this mature framework evolve?".

Symfony dumped all symfony1 users up s* creek when Symfony2 came out; Zend framework 2 is an entirely different beast to ZF1...

Are these mature frameworks any more stable than the new ones, or are they new frameworks, phoenix-like in assuming the name of the old one?

As far as those two frameworks, it's mostly about retaining brand recognition.

On the other hand, major version releases are when you make such dramatic departures from what's come before. At least in ZF, they got a lot a lot of things more-right.

I moved a (pretty complex, line-of-business transactional-type) project from ZF1 -> ZF2, and I'm happy I did. Some things changed a lot (dispatch, routing, forms), while other things were very easy to translate (caching, logging, etc).

In that case, most of the business logic was built around Doctrine2, encapsulated nicely into service classes, and therefore fairly framework-agnostic.

With the OP looking for a framework where he doesn't have to rewrite the code every few years (or more frequently, hello Drupal), major version upgrades matter.

I'm glad that transitioning your project from ZF1 to ZF2 was worth the effort and relatively easy. I have a number of clients still on symfony 1.4 because although unsupported and a 'dead' system, without a straightforward migration path to Symfony2 it doesn't make economic sense for them to do so - not when the whole web system (CMS, order management, the rest) is written using symfony 1.4 and Doctrine 1.2. Until it stops working, as it's going to be a new build either way.

I think that kind of framework dead-ending is fairly irresponsible; certainly some of my clients thought I was irresponsible to have chosen Symfony when their 1-2 year old systems needed to be rewritten...

TL;DR: using exclusively prejudices and unsupported blanket statements to choose a language/framework combo

My colleagues and I went through more or less this exercise in 2005 and ended up with Python/Django. I know everybody tends to become a crusader for their development stack, but I think this was a fantastic decision, either by luck or judgement.

To be honest I still don't see any compelling reason to switch to anything else in 2014, but if I was looking I'd be strongly favouring Go as the language, as it seems like the preeminent forward-looking, popular-ish, well-supported language. Rust and Erlang would also get a look in.

I agree and we also went through a similar process at work (although a few years later than you), couldn't be happier with Python and Django.

Although looking forward, I have a strong feeling that HHVM/Hack will become one of the darling platforms given the amount of resources Facebook has and the poor state of performance many PHP frameworks are currently in.

If you are still considering PHP frameworks, then your choices are really Symfony or Laravel (maybe Zend at a stretch).

Yes, Laravel does have a high "bus factor", but for me personally its the number one choice in terms of ecosystem, features, support and community,

Laravel isn't going away, even if Taylor gets hit by a bus.

There's a huge and active Laravel community, it's just that Taylor is the benevolent dictator.

If Taylor was hit by a bus, there would be plenty of others who would be willing and capable to take up the baton.

Seems to me pretty remarkable to rule out Laravel on this basis, yet keep CakePHP, ignoring all its other flaws.

Excellent input, thank you!

fwiw http://www.google.com/trends/explore#q=Laravel%2C%20symfony%...

Updated to include Symfony2:

http://www.google.com/trends/explore#q=Laravel%2C%20symfony%...

Ive been watching a few of the Laracasts episodes this week to get a feel for Laravel. https://laracasts.com/

I suppose a third option would be Composer and picking only the modules you need.

I am really off the PHP train now, but I'd also recommend to have a close look at http://www.phalconphp.com/en/ .

Their approach is to have the whole framework compiled as an extension. Seems well documented.

Personally, after years of dealing with PHP and the regularly occurring panic when inevitably something is going wrong during deployment, I'd consider PHP's dependency on other moving parts a bit of a nono. There's just too many pain points around deployment, versioning, server conf, extensions that are compiled in etc. Admittedly this has gotten much much better since the advent of composer and tools like chef, vagrant etc, but that's another whole learning curve right there. Compare that to go, where you just compile your binary, scp that up and then launch it. Done!

To add to that: I also think that these days you will need to have some sort of JS framework on top of your server stack. Angular and Ember are bot nice to work with, React would be something I'd look into next time.

In this context (Restful JSON or XML from the server, JS client consuming it) Go again makes a great choice, as it's coming with great JSON and XML capabilities that make it easy to marshal/unmarshal into GO types.

I think another question is how much you want done on the server (HTML rendering?) and how much on the client. It seems like we're definitely moving towards having the client handle all the UI. I understand this may not be appealing, especially as client side frameworks have even a shorter lifespan than server-side frameworks, but that seems to be the direction. If that's acceptable, for the backend I'd choose Java and Dropwizard (or Jersey+Jetty instead of Dropwizard). Spring Boot also seems nice. I discuss the state of modern Java web development in a non-comprehensive recent blog post[1]. For a more complete discussion of JVM web frameworks, you can take a look at this[2] and this[3].

[1]: http://blog.paralleluniverse.co/2014/05/15/modern-java-pt3/

[2]: http://zeroturnaround.com/rebellabs/the-curious-coders-java-...

[3]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygW8fJVlDxQ

Hi jacquesm, if you're reading this..

I recommend that you take a second look at Scala. Considering that you "have a working knowledge of Java (but really don’t like it)", I think Scala is a good choice.

The usual cliche-but-true reasons:

A. It runs on the JVM, arguably the most performant VM.

B. It has mature, huge (Java) ecosystems. High quality IDEs, rich (3rd party) libraries, a plethora of build tools (for better or worse) and profilers.

But for me personally, the things I like about it:

1. I can use different languages (as long as it runs on the JVM, obviously) for different needs. Probably not wise to mix a dozen languages (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_JVM_languages) in a project, but at least I have a choice.

2. Since I'm a Java developer during the day, I can reuse my skills (can use same framework, same debugging approach, same build system).

3. I can start coding with Java/imperative style. When I started learning Scala, I literally coded like in Java, minus the semi-colons. Over the time, I enhance my coding style because I keep thinking, "There's gotta be a better way of doing this." At least this lowers my barrier to learn Scala.

EDIT: IntelliJ allows you to copy Java code and paste it as Scala.

Obviously you can replace "Scala" with "any JVM language other than Java", but I have my specific reasons in choosing Scala (over, say, Clojure).

Since the exercise is framed this way (for the next decade), It might by interesting to try it from the perspective of 2004. IE, if you made a decision this way in 2004, how wrong/right would it have been now that the decade is over?

We would all be writing Java applets, no?

Java applets were already dead by then. The new hotness was JSF + Hibernate, and ASP.Net WebForms on the Microsoft side.

Or worse, Coldfusion

A few years back I went through a the same process.

My criteria differed somewhat, but the gist was the same -- maximize your investment, position yourself well, and as Wayne Gretzky would say, "Skate to where the puck is going."

I'm in a rush to be somewhere, but here's a quick rundown of my key criteria for a 10-year language:

  1. Concurrency Model (we're in a multicore world)
  2. Data Processing (data is driving everything)
  3. Platform (cloud platforms are the new OS)

Python, Clojure, and Go are my top three.

Python for its practicality, massive library in general and also in the data processing/data science space.

Clojure because of its concurrency model, first-class Java interop and thus massive library, plus its simple elegance and limitless potential appeals to the painter in me.

Go for its concurrency model on top of being a well-designed systems language that's backed by Google. I think Go is going to be the language to emerge as the dominant player in the next 10 years.

All three languages work on App Engine, and Google's Cloud offering is another one of those "skate to where the puck is going" things. It's already the most technically advanced cloud, and you can see signs that it's about to catch a Google-fueled hockey stick and blow past AWS at an exponential pace.

Honorable Mention: Scala.

Scala is in use by big companies like Twitter and LinkedIn, and it's the code behind some of the key open-source systems like Spark, Finagle, and Kafka. And Spark's the data-processing skate-puck destination: Cloudera is adopting it, and the days running up to the Hadoop eclipse keep growing shorter so I suspect Scala and I will keep crossing paths as these tools continue to make the rounds.

This is incendiary advice, but if you've dropped Python due to breaking changes as you update it, you may also want to consider dropping Rails. I say this because the perception is that the Rails development goal is to stay with the bleeding edge of web development first, and support backwards compatibility second.

Coming from years of .NET, a year spent with Grails and now 4 months into 'Ruby-land'. If there was a way to vote, I'd vote Rails/Ruby just Rails/Ruby isn't cool anymore, everyone moved onto NodeJS/Scala or wherever. I'm only going by experience, and I haven't been deeply involved yet.

It's a good thing. By the looks of it, the community might be jaded in some way, which means no more running around trying to be the coolest /fastest kid in the block, mostly everyone just wants to get stuff done. The amount of useful gems and well-maintained libraries (years of being maintained, not just a few months) is amazing.

The language matured enough, and the ecosystem along with it. The ecosystem still has some flaws and voids here and there, but that's what makes it exciting in being part of it.

What is 'cool' is not a factor. Long term vision and solid engineering is far more important to me than sexy or cool. It is funny how my needs probably align more with big enterprise than with small start-ups, because I'm just one guy and do not have the agility (for want of a better word) to follow ever new hot thing. Big enterprise is just like that but for reasons of inertia.

What made you move away from Grails? I understand the community is an order of magnitude smaller, but I've been experimenting with it recently, and it looks very solid.

> TCL is not really web suitable (though it’s been done)

I don't use Tcl (not TCL!) anymore myself, but it'd be more honest to say that it's not that popular these days or not a language you happen to like. This is built with Tcl just fine:

http://flightaware.com/

With that out of the way, I think that was a good read, and a reasonable process. It's fair to be a bit subjective about some things, because... we're humans, and that's the way we are.

Personally, I use Rails as my go-to framework because while it's not super fast, it's very, very full of useful things to get up and running quickly, and keep iterating once things are built.

AOL ran on AOLServer[1][2] (TCL + embedded C bits) for many years, I believe, quite happily.

[1] http://www.aolserver.com [2] http://philip.greenspun.com/wtr/aolserver/introduction-1.htm...

Yes, I was going to mention that too - it's a bit ironic saying that Tcl (not TCL!) is not ok for the web when it was used for some of the first serious dynamic content web systems.

I thought I wrote 'modern web'. I'll update if I got that wrong, and I'll update the spelling too.

Edit: good catch David, I used modern web in one instance and 'web' in two others. Changed that to be consistent. TcL now properly spelled. Have a well deserved upvote :)

> TcL now properly spelled

The l is a small l. Kind of like Fortran vs FORTRAN or Cobol vs COBOL or Perl vs PERL. Tcl people prefer Tcl.

I actually think Tcl would be fine for the modern web (it had an event loop before it was cool to have an event loop), but you could easily eliminate it for many of the reasons you eliminate other things - not too many people working on it, not as many ready-made components as something like Rails, and so on.

Two typos in three letters, that's got to be some kind of a record. Holding out for 3. Changed and deployed, thanks once more. And Tcl wasn't going to get back in on other grounds so at least it won't require me to re-write a major chunk of the post.

I spent many years with Tcl back in the ArsDigita/OpenACS days. Tcl embedded in AOLserver hummed quite well, and as Greenspun once wrote, "Hey, Tcl is just like Lisp, but without a brain, and with syntax on steroids" (http://philip.greenspun.com/tcl/introduction.adp).

I did this a year or so ago. Arrived at Rails. Close contender was Laravel. Rails won because of:

1. A awesome ORM 2. I could use Ruby for iOS applications(Rubymotion). 3. JRuby 4. Great for writing scripts and little one off things I needed to do. 5. Capistrano (although you can use this with any language) 6. Opal(although this really hasn't taken off yet). 7. People are actively trying to speed the language up. MRI, JRuby, Rubinius.

So I invested in Rails because of the other things I could do with Ruby in addition to web.

Lua over Nginx (aka. Openresty) tempts me, Lapis [1] is really exciting

[1] http://leafo.net/lapis

I'm interested lapis as well, I think this might finally be what I have been looking for...

I can't follow Jacques' reasoning when it comes to any of this. His first choice would have been a PHP framework (in 2014!), yet he goes on to criticize a bunch of languages which have sane == operators seemingly on the basis of his gut reaction to their very existence, while asserting things like "Python is like driving on the autobahn without guard rails" and "Lua is the sweet spot between Ruby and Python." That might be true if Python had shipped with exactly two data structures, and Ruby with zero, and neither of them had integers.

This is all before the frameworks are even discussed, which are included and dismissed for reasons just as arbitrary. Smaller frameworks like Sinatra are discarded because they can't handle the complex logic that flash cards demand, Django's out because of the whole auto safety thing, and we all know that ExpressJS didn't show up at Jaques' birthday party that one time. Play's out because Scala is unfamiliar, despite that not being a specific quality of Scala and just something that's true in general of programming languages one hasn't bothered to learn.

So the final list contains some more PHP horror shows and a few Java and Go frameworks to make things look democratic. Thankfully, Rails makes an appearance, but it feels like this is just because it was lucky enough not to get hit by a dart.

Let it be a lesson -- we all procrastinate, but when you get to the point where you're writing blog posts about dozens of languages and tools, none of which you have direct experience with, the best thing is just to pick something, do what you'd meant to do in the first place (although you will note that writing the flash card app was itself a way to procrastinate on learning Romainian), and discuss the pros and cons of the tools you chose once you actually know what they are.

I was a little surprised to see Gorilla get kicked out. My understanding is that among Go developers, stdlib net/http + the Gorilla toolkit was the de facto standard approach.

People are experimenting with new frameworks, e.g., beego, revel, martini, etc, but I don't think any of them are stable enough to meet your stringent criteria in that regard.

It seems to me (as an outsider looking in) that the Go community is relatively "anti-framework", instead preferring libraries, like Gorilla, for special oomph in routing or sessions or what have you.

I also think it's worth determining what you think the next decade's high level architecture will be: JSON api backends with fancy JS frontends, or more along the lines of standard Rails, Yii, etc? That will drastically change the type of web framework to choose.

"grails not written in java" - was a bit disappointing to read this - it mostly is (the spring base) and you can write pretty much all in java if you want, although groovy lets you be a bit more concise for a (usually) small speed penalty.

It was a great article! Very nice to read about how someone else thinks when making descisions. Regarding your choice I think you should look a little bit more at javascript frameworks like Mithril and React, they can be used on the server or on the client which holds many doors open for you. Mithril might fall for your demands on previous usage and minimum age but it seems to get web programming very close to other programming and is small enough that you should be able to do maintenance of if yourself if you have to a few years down the line. http://lhorie.github.io/mithril/

I would consider Dartlang - "Dart is a new platform for scalable web app engineering." is the title string on Dart's home page. Dart is designed for web apps. One downside is it's still not as mature as alternatives.

I love Kohana (for a PHP framework) ... too bad it's no longer being developed.

Thank you for saving me some time. I missed that and thought Kohana was still being supported, but I just checked and found this: http://forum.kohanaframework.org/discussion/12509/final-rele...

So you are absolutely right. Will drop it from the list to try and will update the article.

No problem, looking forward to the verdict. :)

I'm pretty sure that PHP Fat-Free number is wrong, but regardless after my search for a framework that's the one I've been backing for the past many months on a project.

It's actively developed (just follow the dev branch, which is quite stable) and the devs/community have been quite helpful. I wanted something much lighter than Laravel, but still have all the handy features, and that fit the bill. Based on your requirement of sheer usage numbers though, I don't know if it meets that (yet).

I don't see the point in attempting to choose a language/framework for the next decade. I would think that different languages and frameworks will be a natural fit for specific applications and perhaps the reason the author is struggling to make a decision is that he's attempting to make it based solely on the abstract rather than a concrete application.

I'm not the only one who'd like people to choose frameworks and languages on something other than gut feel and googlefight results, right?

I have a very concrete application in mind but want something that is versatile enough that I can go and do another application without having to go through the whole selection process again (and learn a bunch of new stuff on top of that).

Of course specialization is optimal but as soon as you have to make multiple things and your resources are limited then a general purpose tool is the better choice.

Compare it with hammers. If I only need to do metalworking I'd buy a bench hammer. But if I need to do metalworking and woodwork then a clawhammer is probably a better choice.

As for the selection process, this was just the preliminaries, it's far from over and the next step will be a lot more work.

Saying you are on your own figuring things out with Erlang is false. The community on the erlang mailing list and IRC channel is extremely helpful, especially for people starting out.

Finding Erlang programmers is admittedly more difficult, but finding someone willing to learn Erlang is not too big of a problem. It's also not a big deal to learn Erlang, because the language is simple.

As someone writing Erlang code for years, the good parts of using Erlang far outweigh the bad parts.

> Finding Erlang programmers is admittedly more difficult

Presumably if you are an Erlang programmer, that is a plus point.

Python all the way.

And the part about Python code breaking due to external modules must be a joke, right?! How hard is to specify a fixed version in the requirements.txt

This is an exciting read, kind of like Game of Thrones for web frameworks.

Re: why there were so many "PLAY!" results in Google, that would likely depend on the query you use. Something like "play framework" would probably match for any page where someone said "I will play with this framework".

...which is another reason why "Go" was such a bad idea for a language name, BTW.

When googling for Go the language, always google "Golang". This vastly improves the accuracy of the results.

I agree.

go: about 2,550,000,000 results. go language: about 3,630,000,000 results. golang: about 1,950,000 results.

I wish the poster published the Google query strings he used because I get very different results. Examples: gorest: 984,000 results vs 6580 in the post. ruby on rails: 11,900,000 vs 258,000.

The google results should be easily reproducible, I simply used the exact same query string for every framework, "{framework name} framework", going on the assumption here that relatively speaking this will give an idea of how much information there is out there on a given framework. Probably it would have been better to use google trends for this using suitable criteria.

Rather than sloppily relying on hearsay, popularity and Googling, the suitability of web frameworks could be tested in competitions like https://www.plat-forms.org ... I wish more people would participate there, the results are somewhat surprising (and of course take into account the skill of the developers).

Maybe people don't get involved because it's hard to figure out the results. I see a graph labeled "team A, B, C..." and no key to which team is which. What am I missing?

The website is bad indeed, it seems to be an understaffed academic project, but the concept is worth imitating IMO.

Grails is written in Java.

And while Grails today is a great servlet framework, Grails 3.0 will allow new application profiles, like netty, hadoop and batch.

So it says in the over 1 year old rant on Grails 3.0 http://grails.io/post/48599814766/more-on-where-next-for-gra... but it's very slow coming. Same with other Groovy ecosystem software like Groovy which hasn't made a dent in it's new MOP, Antlr grammar, or Java 8 lambda retrofit. And Gradle which still ships with Groovy 1.x.

What are the problems of spring license? It's a clear apache 2.0 license which is quite used in the java world. (edit: ok, noticed that the wikipedia page was wrong, I've corrected it)

Additionally, even though I'm not a fan of the following frameworks, but any java web dev know about jsf (due to being pushed as the "standard enterprise web framework") and vaadin.

I was surprised too that he hadn't heard of JavaServer Faces, given that it's the One Official Web Framework of Java. I'm not sure I'd recommend it necessarily, but it's hugely popular and well-supported, so it knocks at least a couple of his criteria right out of the park.

Spring license mistake noticed (on the WP page it reads 'springsource', not apache 2.0!), as for JavaServer Faces, it may be extremely popular I just never ran into it in actual use and I see quite a few companies every year.

Is it somehow associated with a branch of industry that I don't have exposure to? Do you have some examples from the 100 top websites written using JavaServer Faces?

That would help me to place it better.

From what I know, JSF is used mostly for small to medium intranet application in the context of big enterprises.

I'm quite biased here, but the big seal of approval as the official java enterprise web framework makes it often imposed by the upper layer of the enterprise than a willing choice by the developers.

Additionally, if the enterprise is licensing a lot of oracle products, it's not surprising if they have a ADF (adf is a jsf implementation and component library) license with jdeveloper, which is trumpeted as the successor of oracle forms.

I don't know what "MVC" means to this guy, but Wicket's approach is much, much better than any other framework I've used; you build your web pages out of objects, your component hierarchies out of object hierarchies, with actual encapsulation, reusability and composability. If that's not MVC then I don't want to be MVC.

Hi, I'm 'that guy'.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_web_application_f... has a big fat 'no, modular event driven' in the 'supports MVC' column.

Well, I guess the question then becomes: what does MVC mean to that Wikipedia editor? And what is it you want to be able to do that you're trying to figure out by reading that column?

Once again, Wicket's approach is head and shoulders above every other web framework I've ever used. It's good enough to make me not mind using Java (I dearly wish I could find a framework with the same level of encapsulation in other languages). I urge you to examine it more closely rather than dismissing it based on this one line.

Ok, point taken, I'll add Wicket back in. This thread is a goldmine of good information so far, I spent a full 2 days researching all this and it would have been absolutely impossible to evaluate all framework/language combos by writing a test app so I had to take some shortcuts. Apparently that caused a good framework to be thrown under the bus for all the wrong reasons so I'll revive it and we'll see how it does in the real world. Thank you!

Haven't used Wicket, but this is what a good web framework comparison had to say about it[1]:

With its clear MVC model, clean HTML and a wicked component module, you can create new applications with reusable components quick and easy. Wicket does use a model inheritance for it’s components, which isn’t great due to a bit steeper learning curve.

The existence of markup files for every component gives you a clear separation of concerns between the controller deciding what to display and the view that specifies how to display. This not only reduces development time but also gives your web designers the confidence to modify the HTML code without worrying about crashing and destroying everything.

[1]: http://zeroturnaround.com/rebellabs/the-curious-coders-java-...

From users if most other modern mvc frameworks rails, django, asp mvc, spring. Mvc. I would say wicked is such a different paradigm and it's such a programmer centric view of web dev. Most websites aren't a set of components, unless you constantly make admin screens. Most of the major sites I've worked on have visual designers and they aren't so cookie cutter or recently they are single page apps that are more soa and rest oriented

Spring is included in the end shortlist, but I thought you excluded it due to licensing?

What do you mean about Laravel's "bus factor"?

Good catch. Laravel seems to be pushed forward by a single individual. Elsewhere in this thread that is disputed.

Aha, understood... yeah, I think Laravel is very similar to Rails in that respect. Would you not use Rails because DHH is at the wheel? They both have big active contributor communities.

When I read the introduction I immediately thought about Apache + MySQL + PHP + Symfony.

ORM, templating engine, community, it's all there.

I concur, but I would swap both the database and the web server to Postgres and Nginx respectively. Symfony and the community around it is just awesome though.

Goodness, just pick a framework and start building. There's no way you're going to make the right choice so just choose whichever language you're most comfortable coding in and start building. Creating 12 prototypes to narrow down 12 frameworks? Does this strike anyone else as an insane waste of time?

In the long run this should save me time.

Well, that's the classic argument for yak shaving. Most if not all of the frameworks you analyzed will be more than adequate for the app you're going to build. What it should come down to is what you're comfortable with. Focus on the product you want to build, not the tools you are using to build the product.

I think I got the Yak shaving part covered with the first sentence of the post :)

I'm well aware of the ups and downs of exposing myself to choice like this but I really want to get myself exposed to some real world practice with some of the top contenders here to make a more objective choice and I also feel that 'what you're comfortable with' is getting too close to unsupported that I should widen my view.

Fortunately this is not a commercial undertaking, nor am I on a tight deadline so I can afford the luxury of thinking this over. If it were for a customer and it would be required tomorrow morning then the story would be wholly different.

Well, I suppose the silver lining is that you're publishing your journey :)

"It'll save time in the long run!" http://xkcd.com/974/

Time will tell on that one ;)

Every comment I have read so far is pushing a personal agenda and ignores the authors criteria. If we are to go by the authors desired requirements then the obvious winner is Rails. Rails is constantly being developed and maintains timeless standards while embracing new technologies.

Since the author is already familiar with PHP, why not try Hack? You'll get to keep all of your PHP stuff, with increased performance on the HHVM.

Sure, there is no real hack framework yet.. but you could help build one. Plus, all your PHP frameworks will work fine in the meantime.

A Hack framework might be a good summer project.

http://arisalexis.com/2014/04/27/odyssey-2014-a-journey-into...

keep tuned I will write a similar back end post soon.

"I still haven’t forgiven Microsoft for their countless misdeeds so Asp/C#/F# are all right out."

So Xamarin is Microsoft now? Better tell them, because they don't know it yet. Clojure is a .NET language as well by the way.

Apologies for that oversight, Xamarin was not even mentioned on the C# wiki page and I had totally forgotten about them. That said, I see C# very much as a Microsoft eco-system component even though there have been several re-implementations (such as Mono and DotGNU). Just like I see Go as part of Google and erlang as part of Ericsson.

Talk about pedantic distinctions.

First, Xamarin might not be Microsoft, but those languages are developed and controlled (feature wise) by Microsoft, and are best used and more mature with the MS ecosystem. Plus, Xamarin works professionally with MS for quite some time (and a complete acquisition/acqui-hire isn't even that far fetched).

Second, Clojure is not used in .NET by anyone but 10 people. That port is if not abandoned, very near it. And even if it was, most Clojure/JVM software is rendered unsuable on the CLR. For all intends and purposes Clojure is 99.9% a JVM language first (and Clojurescript which is also not .NET).

Keep in mind that Microsoft now require you to login with their latest IDE. The moment this will bite you in the ass depends on what license you use (retail, partner etc). If your a partner you get a rolling 30 day trial that's tied to your MS Partner account and if you've ever used the MS Partner website you know what a complete piece of shit that is. From the Partner account you assign development rights to a developer which then flicks a switch in your MSDN account, allowing your developer to login to Visual Studio. Problem is these stars dont always align and your left hanging on the phone to support for hours (this has happened to 2 of our 3 devs now, took 24+ hrs to sort) The only solution is to switch back to VS2012.

Xamarin also require that you log in to their IDE, so far so good with them though.

Tools should work offline, period. Imagine having to call DeWalt or Bosch every time you want to use your drill.

You can install Visual Studio 2013 with a product key instead if you prefer (that's how I have it installed on my machines currently).

I believe thats retail only.

My product keys have come from MSDN.

Your not using the Partner license, your likely on Bizspark or a bog standard MSDN subscription. Partners pay the most, then get treated like an ahole.

If buying MSDN works out to be cheaper than the Partner program, why not buy MSDN licenses instead?

MS Partner licensing gives you broader usage, through to production servers, Office etc. Pretty sure MSDN is dev or training only. Plus why pay twice, shit should just work without all the BS.

just buy a key and vs2013 will work offline, without login

Part of the MS Partner benefits is a 10 user VS 2013 license, this is something you buy. However it works differently to retail versions which is probably what you have.

It's simple: pick the language that has the most intense energy/vibe around it. You will benefit from being at the front line of innovation and have the help of an enthusiastic community to back you up.

It's Javascript and Node.

Sorry if I'm harsh, but I think this is a terrible way to choose a programming language. It is suggesting a one size fits all approach, and I'm kind of disappointed to see a lot of languages thrown out without objective scrutiny.

Also, it could be foolhardy to pick just one for the next 10 years. When all you have is a hammer everything looks like a nail.

It might help to try to think of the specific constraints that you envision running into. How can your technology choice help address those concerns and simplify your stack or speed of development, or ability to hire talent? You should easily come up with over a dozen items that you will want to be able to address with your choice of technology.

What about Meteor (https://www.meteor.com/)? surely being funded should help longevity

My guess will be he will eventually arrive at Ruby on Rails or Laravel.

Not sure what kind of applications he expects to build, but picking a "Web" Framework for the next decade should probably also include a Javascript framework that allows more app-y websites. Clients are already falling for those.

Judging by how fast technology is evolving nowadays I can't even imagine what is going to happen in 10 years from now... We might not even have the Web... I don't think nowadays you can choose something for the next decade. Maybe for the next 2 years Maximum!

I think the web will be around in some form just about forever. I'm more bullish on the web being around 100 years from now in some recognizable form than I am on quite a few nation states or species of mammal.

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