Waldseemüller map
en.wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Did-ancient-Polynesians-v...
There was a documentary about this too which raised some interesting points.
There is one more potential location they would have sailed to - Chile in South America:
http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/storie...
http://www.oldmapsonline.org/ http://www.georeferencer.org/ http://maps.nypl.org/warper/
If you want a desktop app (handy with e.g. massive high-res scans) there's a fairly polished QGIS plugin: https://www.qgis.org/en/docs/user_manual/plugins/plugins_geo...
Once you've georeferenced something it's a fairly straight-forward process to either export as KMZ for Google Earth, etc. or export tiles which can be used with something like LeafletJS. I've used a master -> QGIS -> GeoTIFF -> gdal2tiles -> mbutil path with fairly low hassle.
I used this awhile back on http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2589/ and it was pretty interesting to see how the 1827 map was fairly accurate for the western part of the Russian empire but got significantly inaccurate as you headed to the northern or eastern frontiers.
My strongest memory is of the WW2 Normandy beaches invasion map, done as an architectural model. Also, in the reading room, they keep a personal presidential globe - http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/churchill/interactive/_html/wc00...