I would've built Jest on top of Mocha. It's a slightly better testing framework, especially when it comes to async tests.
Right now we use jasmine internally, so I was pretty focused on getting it running with that. However, it is (quite intentionally) built such that the 'jasmine' parts are pretty isolated similar to a plug-in; So it should be possible to build plug-ins for other frameworks like Mocha as well at some point.