Julia's article shows a good example for this. Of course, the goal appears to generate a feeling of what tends to make a program fast and slow and get a feeling for how slow it will be or how fast it can get; yet I'd like to point out that this...
https://github.com/jvns/howcomputer/blob/master/bytesum_intr...
... might be 0.1 Seconds faster than the original code when started as "already loaded into ram" which she claims runs at 0.6 seconds. Yet this last piece of code is way more complicated and hard to read. Code like this
Line 11: __m128i vk0 = _mm_set1_epi8(0);
might be idiomatic, fast and give you a great sense of mastery, but you can't even pronounce it and it it's purpose does not become clear in any way.
Writing the code this way may make it faster, but that makes it 1000x harder to maintain. I'd rather sacrifice 0.1 seconds running time and improve the development time by 3 days instead.