The Greatest Amateur Astronomer
medium.com
medium.com
Part of the reason amateurs have been able to play such a big role is that traditionally astronomers have used their resources to harness very large telescopes to study small patches of the sky very deeply. Study of bright objects across large regions of the sky only requires small telescopes, so it wasn't really worth professional astronomers' time to conduct those observations. This has been changing lately with the rise of robotic telescopes, however. Now that professional astronomers don't have to operate the telescopes themselves, they can collect bright transient data across wide swathes of the sky. [3]
[1] http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27185965
[3] e.g., http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~assassin/index.shtml
In fact, asteroid discovery is well within the purview of amateur astronomers [2]. Lots of interesting astronomical phenomena are observable by amateurs these days.
(I'm not affiliated with iTelescope, I just like it)
[1] http://itelescope.net/ [2] http://www.itelescope.net/astro-science/2012/12/4/discoverin...
These are more portable, more user-friendly, more comfortable than any telescope. They're much better put together than the sparse selection of cheap telescopes at this price level. $50-$100
After this, I would consider an 8" dobsonian manual telescope, or a motorized alt-az goto scope with mount in the 4.5-6" range. $500-1000
A serious (but still amateur-level) 8" astrophotography setup (mount, sensor, telescope, filters) that will take the kind of nebula pictures people see coming from the HST, iTelescope, or Slooh, is going to run $5000-$10000.
I really never got around to improving my results, but you can see some initial attempts here: http://foodconstrued.com/?attachment_id=6663 http://foodconstrued.com/?attachment_id=6662