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C/C++ Fiddle

gcc.godbolt.org

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GCC Explorer is great and I use it on a semi-regular basis. I often use it to show what kinds of optimizations a modern compiler will do. Just yesterday I was using it to show someone how a piece of code like:

    int launched = 0;
    // ...
    start_thread(...);
    while (!launched) {}

could result in an endless loop since the compiler just rewrote it to 'if(!launched) { while(true){} }'. The person had the thread write to 'launched' and expected the first thread to exit the loop once launched had been set to 1.

Great tool. I hope it doesn't get a HN hug of death.

    volatile

to the rescue!

If by volatile you mean "don't use volatile for this" and "use std::atomic", then I agree completely!

Perhaps azth is writing C?

C11 has atomics which works similarly to C++11's.

Sure but the vast majority of C out there is C89/90/99.

C has atomic types now also. And I believe in general that volatile only prevents elision of reads and stores, but not optimization in general. That works for many cases (and I think it would work here) but it doesn't solve data races in general.

Unless 'launched' was directly or indirectly local to the stack frame, I don't see how this optimisation is legal. In general your compiler has to assume values will change across an opaque function call.

It presumably checks launched just before the while loop, after the start_thread call is complete, under the assumption that whatever start_thread might have done to that variable has been done. (An implementation could have some kind of markup on the thread creation function so that the compiler can infer the pointed-at memory has become volatile... but I doubt anybody actually does that. Much easier to let the code fuck up and blame the programmer ;))

To expand on what to3m said. The code was transformed into something like this:

    int launched = 0;
    start_thread(...);
    if (!launched) {
      while (true) {}
    }

That's a perfectly legal optimization. The integer here isn't atomic and if another thread modifies the variable, that would be a data race and those have undefined behavior. Therefore, the compiler can assume that there is no race and move the comparison out of the loop.

Changing it to be "std::atomic<int> launched;" fixes that problem.

>That's a perfectly legal optimization. The integer here isn't atomic and if another thread modifies the variable, that would be a data race and those have undefined behavior. Therefore, the compiler can assume that there is no race and move the comparison out of the loop.

In this case, the data race is fairly minimal, since we're talking about a 4 byte integer being used as a boolean flag. Operations like x = 1 for 4 byte ints are pretty much guaranteed to be atomic with x86, and worst case, you go through 1 more iteration of your loop than you would have otherwise(which your code should account for at any rate with locking for critical sections). Any change to the int should cause the while loop to exit.

It should be a volatile(C pre C11) or atomic(C++11/C11) integer if you're passing it between threads, though.

Hi! I'm the developer of GCC Explorer and ... sorry for the slow service! This is the second time I've made it on HN - thanks for all your support. GCC Explorer runs on an Amazon EC2 instance and my "secondary" instance that I spin up from time to time is woefully out of date...

Better late than never...I've increased the power and number of instances running GCC Explorer, so hopefully it's a lot more usable under load now. Although my HN 5-minute fame seems to be over now :)

GCC Explorer is awesome, but I would not call it a "C/C++ Fiddle".

It's really slow (unusable) at the moment due to, I reckon, being on HN. Do revisit it later!

I have had some issues with it in the past when importing just iostream and trying to see the output for a small example. The combined source is too large, and GCC Explorer refuses to compile and show the assembly sometimes for even small examples.

Do play with the settings. Colourise is especially nice.

The code is on GitHub [0], so I suppose you can self host it, although I have not tried to do so yet.

[0] https://github.com/mattgodbolt/gcc-explorer

> It's really slow (unusable) at the moment due to, I reckon, being on HN. Do revisit it later!

Unfortunate. Running this on the client side would avoid that, I wonder if they considered that option.

Running this on the client side would require a C++ compiler in javascript, right? I don't know much about web dev.

Or compiling gcc to nacl/asm.js

Yes, there are demos of such things. For example, these two:

http://kripken.github.io/clangor/demo.html

http://kripken.github.io/llvm.js/demo.html

A bit old by now, but the first compiles C++ into LLVM IR, the second LLVM IR into JS and runs it. All of that happens clientside.

I haven't considered that: porting the variety of compilers to Javascript is a bit tricky. Plus the closed-source Intel compiler wouldn't be an option. It's an interesting thought though!

"fiddle"? I expected it to run the code. But for running simple C/C++ code I made me these anyway:

https://gist.github.com/panzi/7010082 https://gist.github.com/panzi/7010082

C example (-i for include, -p for printf, standard flags: -I, -L, -l, -W, -O, -D, -S, -E):

    $ cexpr -imath.h -iunistd.h -p '%f %d' 'pow(2,3)' 'getuid()'  
    8.000000 1000

C++ example (-i for include, standard flags: -I, -L, -l, -W, -O, -D, -S, -E):

    $ cppexpr -ilimits 'std::numeric_limits<long>::max()' '"hello world"'
    9223372036854775807 hello world

Neat tool. Could do with a "diff" function to quickly see impact of code changes.

Agreed! It's on the backlog of TODOs! Patches welcome, of course :)

Seems rad, but is this any different than providing `-S` to gcc or the equivalent option to your compiler of choice?

Also, I assume the author has thought of this, but just throwing this out there....

`-ftemplate-depth1024` (1024 should guarantee a stack overflow)

  #include <iostream>
  template<int N>
  struct ZVTemplate{
    static void out(std::ostream& os)
    {
      ZVTemplate<N>::out(os);
      os << "zv was here" << std::endl;
    }
  };
  template<>
  struct ZVTemplate<1>{
    static void out(std::ostream& os)
    {
      os << "deftly evaded :)" << std::endl;
    }
  };
  int main(){
     ZVTemplate<2>::out(std::cout);
  }

I'm not quite sure what you were expecting to happen - here the template just recurses, but as a run-time recursion. GCC and the explorer handle it just fine.

Doing the more usual template<N-1> trick lets you hit the -ftemplate-depth limit if you pass, for example ZVTemplate<2048>. It still works ok though :)

Please do let me know if you can find a "poison" input...although at the moment the site is pretty busy just through sheer weight of users, so it's hard to tell I know!

Thanks, Matt

Cool! As feature requests are piling up here: I would like to be able to switch the machine/backend. Optimal would be a drop down menu to select

-x86_64 -x86 -arm -mips -or32 -avr

and so on. Yeah, I guess that requires a couple recompiled GCC binaries :D

Presumably would require cross compilers for each architecture, but it would be very interesting to see what you could do with it, for example comparing side by side.

Also supports D (GDC, the gcc backend to D).

http://d.godbolt.org/

First thing I tried: fork bomb.

It does not execute your code, just compile it and disassemble it.

Dammit, I had to try! :)

You're not the only one!

I've had to put a variety of "anti-hacker" features into the public instance, even though it runs on a (somewhat) throwaway EC2 instance.

Check out the source, and the LDPRELOAD stuff I do to try and make the compilers vaguely secure...!

But did you secure it against endless parser loops? At least older g++ versions have a problem with this:

    template<class T> struct Loop { Loop<T*> operator->(); };
    Loop<int> i, j = i->hooray;

And on older gcc versions this eats a gig RAM and a takes couple of hours:

    struct a{typedef int foo;};struct a1:a{};struct a2:a{};
    #define X(b,a) struct a##1:b##1,b##2{};struct a##2:b##1,b##2{};
    X(a,b)X(b,c)X(c,d)X(d,e)X(e,f)X(f,g)X(g,h)X(h,i)X(i,j)X(j,k)X(k,l)
    X(l,m)X(m,n) n1::foo main(){}

From slide 11 and 12 of this presentation: http://www.fefe.de/c++/c%2B%2B-talk.pdf

I've done my best to protect against these too with both babysitting process timeouts and as a last line of defense, ulimit "limits".

Thanks for sharing those utterly evil examples though! :D

If you want something that actually runs your C++:

http://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/

http://ideone.com/

http://codepad.org/

And if you want to run C++ with someone else, in realtime: https://coderpad.io/

Or https://cloud.sagemath.com

Check out the code for the geordi bot that hangs out in freenode##c++. It uses some of the more advanced linux sandboxing features I've seen

this is awesome. Am I the only person who thinks C++ is going to win?

..win what?

Win what?

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