I'd never really seriously considered mind mapping software, and while I still don't think it's exactly what I want, it actually seems to have more potential than it seemed. Thanks for the suggestion.
Edit: The simplest tree editor is probably the file system on your computer. However, the problem is for proof's I suspect your going to want to have some sort of graph structure.
PS: If your willing to do some light coding XQuery/XSL-FO let's you transform the raw XML into various more user friendly formats like PDF's. However, if your structure is really nested that quickly get's hard for people to understand.