Solitary confinement’s psychological effects
theguardian.com
theguardian.com
I'm going to donate some more this year, and hopefully get my company to increase their donation level but I'm always interested in finding the group that will have the maximum positive impact to donate to. If anyone has any other ideas for higher impact groups, I'm interested in knowing about them.
I've ruled out all the legalize drugs groups because I won't be able to get a major corporation to donate to them even though I think they are worthwhile causes.
Interesting read.
R.I.P.
A.S.
FAMM, NORML and the rest of the groups fighting this have a huge problem. People that are successful have very limited and usually no exposure to anyone that has been in prison. This disconnect is making it extremely difficult for them to raise the money they nee to fight this huge problem we have.
The solution which I am struggling to find would involve creating a message that touches the middle class. Without that message a ridiculous number of people will continue to spend a long time in prison that shouldn't be there.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0atL1HSwi8
Streams instantly on Netflix - one of the most important documentaries I've ever seen
"Rick Raemisch says he suffered mental anguish after spending only 20 hours in solitary confinement. The average in Colorado is 23 months."
[1] http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/local-news/colorado-pri...
http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/10/solitary-confine...
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5796790
[edit: which is basically the same story as the main article here, but much more detailed (I guess less of a sales pitch for the book)]
When people can speak with knowledge about some of the horrors and dangers that we put our populations in, then I'd feel a lot more comfortable, and trust them to be more engaged.
One of these things is not like the others...
Similarly I'd love to see people experience some of the pain and danger they seem willing to put others in. The cycling comment was flippant (and my personal bugbear) but I think it is part of a whole spectrum of engagement and understanding that we should expect from those that want to and chose to run and operate the mechanics of our countries.
It doesn't surprise me that men who get solitary for violent infractions hate it. These are hyper-social people, who need continuous interaction with others, whether as a friend or a competitor or a predator. By contrast, I can go weeks without speaking to a person. It just doesn't sound that bad, relatively.
Obviously, I'm speculating. But a real test, taking ordinary people and subjecting them either to solitary or a confined population of thugs, and comparing the results, would be pretty unethical. At the same time, you can neither trust the personal account of a woman in extraordinary circumstances, nor those of the most violent, probably psychopathic, criminals.
Fortunately (or perhaps, unfortunately), there are plenty of other sorts of people who've spent serious time in solitary who can corroborate the horror.
And even assuming everyone in prison is guilty of some offense, just because someone committed a crime doesn't justify inflicting psychological trauma on them.
But some words from the woman in the article are hitting me. I also feel that without knowing it I'm $something deprived by this lifestyle. My brain isn't clicking the way it was when I was having a lot more social interaction, even though it was a big weight on my mind (randomness/fluidity of people and social interaction doesn't fit well with the way my brain is structured[1]). And often I can read things but they don't reach deep in my brain. I thought it was just laziness and lack of motivation on my side, but maybe ... maybe ..
Also, right now I'm somehow(see [1]) isolated by my own will. But if held in jail by an external agent I'm not sure I would "enjoy" it as much.
[0] internet is very keen on providing you things to do all night long, which is very neat, the peace of the night is something I liked a lot at that time, and soon you live in the opposite timezone, sleeping the day etc etc
Inmates may be denied even a paper and pencil.
Another difference is that you have seen difference between day and night. Once you have computer, you can get music or games or almost any kind of sensory you would need.
Another difference is that you had control over it. You could go out once it you started to be personally uncomfortable and you probably started because you felt a need for some solitude.
Anyway, when I had to work alone for long time, it had similar effects to my brain as it had on yours.
Interactions existed but are twisted, and I try to avoid them whenever I can. I agree that even bad interactions may be a little better than no interactions at all.
When living at night, I could see the sunlight around 5pm throught the curtains bottom.
It's true I do have control, that's what I tried to say above. I realize that even going to pee or shower is some kind of leasure time in that setting.
As compared to whom? People who like to tinker alone and read a lot? Those are ordinary, too.
> trust the personal account of a woman in extraordinary circumstances
I'd rather do that, than trust my own imagination, or the one of people on HN.
> As long as you can get decent books and have a TV
That won't protect you from being unable to focus attention and developing mental fixations.
I very, very much doubt that most people (even those that enjoy books etc) would prefer solitary confinement to some form of gen-pop. We are social creatures, and being completely alone, without being able to do anything about our situation (not by choice) is quite terrible when it stretches out over time.
That's an argument for a better prison system.
A U.S. military study of almost a hundred and fifty naval aviators returned from imprisonment in Vietnam, many of whom were treated even worse than McCain, reported that they found social isolation to be as torturous and agonizing as any physical abuse they suffered.
And what happened to them was physical. EEG studies going back to the nineteen-sixties have shown diffuse slowing of brain waves in prisoners after a week or more of solitary confinement. In 1992, fifty-seven prisoners of war, released after an average of six months in detention camps in the former Yugoslavia, were examined using EEG-like tests. The recordings revealed brain abnormalities months afterward; the most severe were found in prisoners who had endured either head trauma sufficient to render them unconscious or, yes, solitary confinement. Without sustained social interaction, the human brain may become as impaired as one that has incurred a traumatic injury.
http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/03/30/090330fa_fact_...
In any case, it seems obvious that solitary will affect mental health. But what do we do for consistently violent offenders? Clearly they do not function in general population. Do they get a solitary buddy to talk to for a few hours a day?
http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/10/solitary-confine...
If you're interested in the prison industrial complex, the very same Shane Bauer is using my site, Beacon, to crowdfund an entire year of in depth, independent, and ad-free reporting on the prison system in America.
http://www.beaconreader.com/projects/the-prison-problem
You'll directly impact his ability to produce original long form pieces.
http://motherjones.com/documents/458735-pennington-return-to...
The groups arguing for reform respond that solitary is rarely used for violent criminals, and more often used for other rule infractions: http://www.justicefellowship.org/solitary-confinement https://afsc.org/resource/solitary-confinement-facts
I'm not sure that answers the question though. In absence of solitary, what measures are appropriate to curtail violence, or to enforce prison rules?
Maybe there's a middle solution, where more oversight can be used to prevent its overuse? But it doesn't seem like there are many alternatives to control the behavior of someone who is already confined.
Not the star of Death Wish: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bronson
Sorry, I can see where that would have been confusing.
Apparently Charles Manson has been placed in solitary for debatable reasons: http://mansondirect.com/solitary-confinement.html
It's not the only component of the problem of prison population control, but deinstitutionalization under Reagan absolutely punted the mental health issue to the prison system.
I worked in the criminal justice system in an inner city for a medium sized metro area. We'd have cases where a guy would repeatedly break into a business, not to steal anything of value, he was just schizophrenic and felt he needed to be in there some nights. Turning him back on the street perpetually screws over the business owner, incarceration without treatment risks ruining his already fragile life. There weren't an abundance of good options, and everyone in the courtroom, prosecution, judge, public defender, they all recognized it.
This was an extreme example, but mental health issues weren't atypical. It wasn't the majority, but a substantial fraction (guessing here, maybe 10-20%?) of the cases I saw involved some underlying mental health issues.
The criminal justice system is just at its worst with these defendants too. For serious crimes, juries just never find them sympathetic, even if their mental health issue is not sociopathy, but something like down's syndrome, it's basically impossible to get a sympathetic jury, despite the fact that it's supposed to be a "jury of peers."
We really need mental health courts. We need to recognize, like we did with drug courts, that some of these cases just aren't a normal criminal justice issue. They have their own special issues that require a special set of expertise and special policy options. We also need mental health facilities or in home monitoring to handle the problem.
That all means massive amounts of money, but it would be money well spent on social justice, and some costs would even be recouped by lowering the burden on the rest of the system, which is an ill fit for this social problem.
On the other hand, there's only so far you can go with this. The Supreme Court has found that prisoners have a right to refuse treatment (with certain exceptions), and many do. Other violent offenders don't have any particular mental illness, just take every opportunity to defy prison rules. Some prison rules are arbitrary, but some aren't.
I still think guards need a robust range of tools at their disposal to control behavior, but I'd be all for much greater oversight and access to appellate review of disciplinary decisions. I'm glad cops in California are experimenting with body cameras, maybe guards will start being required to wear them too. Less wrongful liability for the prison, less behind the scenes violence against inmates, maybe everyone wins.
At minimum, I guess you can keep them separated without turning off every single possible sensory inputs. E.g., let them know what time it is and allow turn on/off freaking light. While you are at it, allow them listen to music, read books, watch movies and give them access to paper and pen. The big problem is not only that they are isolated. It is also almost complete turn off of all sensory inputs.
If they need to be away from others, allow them at least phone with people, either with each others or with outside word.
Another thing to do would be to reserve that treatment only for really dangerous people. Do not send them inmates that only annoyed someone, broke some minor rule or insist on something you do not want to give them. Do not send there non-dangerous inmates for "their own protection" put then somewhere where they can be in touch with non-dangerous inmates instead.
Third, conditions in prison have direct impact on how badly dangerous inmates they generate. Maybe there could be something done about those too?
The 21st hijacker - Zacarius Moussaoui - is a case in point. He had nothing to do with 9/11 yet during an early turf war between government departments vying for the money that went with The War Against Terror he got pretty much framed. He had over-stayed his visa and done nothing of harm to anyone, yet someone had to be scape-goated by the State Department.
There are plenty more 'suspected al-qaeda' locked away there, with conditions every bit as bad as Guantanamo, yet locked up purely so that once upon a time a President could have some orange terror alert pushing everything else out of the news headlines for a couple of days.
Sure there are the psychos that tried to kill prison staff elsewhere in the system that get the SuperMAX treatment, however, the Florence facility is too much like the Tower of London dungeons as used in medieval times.
(1) knew about the plans for 9/11, although he wasn't selected to participate in that attack
(2) was planning a separate attack via plane on the white house, but was arrested first
(3) was taking flying classes to prepare for that attack
This is tangental to the quite valid original article, but claiming that Zacarus was "framed" is an enormous distortion of the facts.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hubert
Given how quickly you responded to my original post and given that you responded with a link to a Wikipedia article to which you bullet-pointed-out your mere opinions, I suggest you think before you post on subjects that you have no knowledge of.
Personal attack based on no evidence. Until you fix it, I'm going to assume your response was an emotional outburst based on a failure to construct a strong counter-point. I feel it's appropriate, given that it's about the same level of intellectual engagement you afforded the response to your post.
Really?
I've read that they participate in force-feeding, but I have read that the facilities themselves are top-notch, designed to oppress and create mental turmoil perhaps, but top-notch as far as maintenance/security/sterility.
Surely ADX Florence doesn't house minors, or the uncharged, or participate in water-boarding as an additional form of torture atop the solitary confinement?
How about sexual degradation and sleep deprivation?
How about some old-fashioned under-the-sun exposure-interrogation?
If ADX Florence is truly as bad as 'gitmo' and somehow flew under everyones radar for so long, then I now have a new target for my ire towards the treatment of prisoners.
This is just speculation. You don't know what they would do if you gave them a chance, a second chance, a third chance, lots of love and a few material means. As a proof, incarceration rate is lower in my country [1] and we have less violence on the street.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_incarcerat...
I think solitary is rather different.
http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/elements/2014/01/the-i...
Sure you could physically isolate inmates, but allow them to communicate, but that would be like keeping two roosters together separated by chicken wire; they'd be at each other constantly with verbal threats, etc. Doesn't sound that much better.