The more obvious factors are almost certainly the case - more complex regulatory environment, smaller market, a lower concentration of capital sloshing around than in SV… and myriad other reasons.
Blaming this on an artificial 'European' culture is facile.
Facebook is essentially a marketing company and time-wasting website, both of which are not exactly highly regarded as businesses go. On the other hand, there are many highly successful and innovative European companies building actual stuff, often founded decades ago as small family businesses and growing slowly and steadily until they firmly occupy some niche on a global scale.
And, yes, if you don’t have a PhD, how exactly are you going to be different from your secretary?
While americans were chilling in the 80s and 90s, many countries of Europe were facing communism. People had a harsh life, the parents-grandparents had it, so of course they're not gonna have a Peter Thiel mentality when they don't even know how to shut down a PC. Some countries have an avg. salary of 200$. What the hell are you gonna buy with that? And I'm talking 2013 not 1990. So it's not like they're gonna tell their kids "sure son, after I worked at a farm all my life for 200$/month I strongly believe you'll make an 80 bill.$ company out of a damn computer. Let me go grab my savings and good luck!".
Too much to talk about but europeans know what I mean.
At a superficial level, for example, Americans seem to believe they are better (possibly due to genetics) than others. This kind of exceptionalism/patriotism is bad.
You've mentioned yourself why this whole article and comments are bollocks. Europe is is no way homogeneous and referring to startups in "Europe" is kind of pointless.