Math education is not homogenous. People are not homogenous. Everyone experiences math in different ways both in school and in everyday life. Some people will simply memorize the steps necessary to solve problems. Some will actually grasp the theory behind the problem solving. Some will experience very little of what is considered "classic" high school math. (At my school, those who are not tracked into calculus or statistics as Seniors take a course that deals with things like formal logic. It actually seems really interesting.) The OP's blanket assertions are simply wrong.
Moreover, math is a massive field. The OP's claim that calculus and algebra are not math but that "pattern recognition" is is just absurd.