It's actually telling of the quality of education, given that I did better in Math in college than in high school (in North America), and I still found it not anywhere rigorous enough.
I went to public school in southeast Ohio. Quadratic equations (for me) were 8th grade. Calculus started midway through 10th, but didn't really get moving until 11th grade.
With that said, I've generally heard foreign students equate the junior year of a math degree at college to their senior year at high school. I don't dispute your general point.
"The Standards set grade-specific standards but do not define the intervention methods or materials necessary to support students who are well below or well above grade-level expectations."
I.e., this defines what constitutes "grade-level" skill sets, but lots of better schools will exceed those standards by one or more years - their 10th graders may be operating at the 12th-grade standard, etc.