Another option: route traffic through an external (authenticated) proxy.
It also may be possible to bind the connect port on the proxy and then use an iptables rule to prevent any connections from that source port from connecting to localhost.
You could use ipt_owner with iptables to block by source user matching the proxy server, however. Or just configure your proxy to block by outgoing IP if it supports this.
Most proxy servers can be configured bind to a specific IP. So if your proxy server has an external IP and an internal IP, configure the proxy server to bind to the external IP. And then use IPTables to block any connections from the external IP to the internal network.