Sure. Let's remember that Lustig's goal is to actually ban substances which he says are causing MASSIVE HARM to people.
First, the conclusion that it's detriment is admitted by the authors as being uncertain "some data suggest it may".
Second, most people in the area would say that in the absence of data showing harm, one should not conclude
something is harmful, and then take action.
Third, let's turn their argument around. They state: "in the absence of evidence, use professional judgment. If something has no use, it should be avoided." OK. If that's their professional judgement, then to be fair it should apply to everything in their demesne, right? AKA, if there is somethign which is not absolutely necessary, and might be detrimental, these authors would say to avoid it entirely.
However, sugar makes food more palatable. So there are patients who don't want to eat food (cancer patients on chemo) but if the food is more palatable they eat it. Even sometimes getting kids to eat food is hard- shall I not add salt, or sugar if it gets them to eat a meal? Taken to its logical conclusion, their suggestion would shut down nearly all free choices that we make which have marginal risk concerns.