Somebody always posts this comment re: Computer Modern, but I've never seen anybody offer up some of these strictly superior printing fonts (of which there are apparently many). Would you care to link some examples?
\usepackage[bitstream-charter]{mathdesign}
\usepackage{sourcecodepro}
So all in all it's a bit of a nasty aesthetic trade-off. There are several packages that attempt to create symbol sets to match things like palatino, with varying success. Some are just terrible. And there are a few commercially available ones that do support most if not all symbols, so if it's worth a few hundred dollars to you there is that route.
Nothing has great solution for web, really. We're slowing moving from execrable to ugly but at least it is progress.