You only have to remember 3 facts for addition: 0+0 = 0, 1+0 = 1 and 1+1 = 10. The last is the only carry situation, further simplifying memorization. THe same thing holds for subtraction, multiplication and division, very few facts to memorize.
I'm guessing that Polynesian civilizations didn't deal with millions and millions of any particular item, so that they rarely did a one page calculation. Indeed, the article claims that "80" is a large number for the ancient Mangarevans.
But this article totally misses out on the real issue - who owns the Intellectual Property of Binary Math? Previously, we thought it was Leibniz, and clearly, we've been paying his heirs for the use of their Intellectual Property, but now we have to trace down the descendants of these fantasically Inventive Mangarevans, and give them the Lion's Share of the money previously given to the (now know to be false) owners of Binary Math Intellectual Property.