Learn Echolocation like a Dolphin
wired.com
wired.com
I suspect that we may use a bit of this already without being aware of it.
I have always felt that there are opportunities to extend our senses, not only by practice as suggested by the article, but also by some sort of electronic assist.
Feynman had more to say about training the senses. You can read about it in his semi-autobiographical books.
Here is more on this: