Why not start simple, teach better preventative care. What I mean is that the US as a whole is very unhealthy. Rather than having people wait till they get sick, get people to take better care of themselves through eating, fitness, etc. Even have means to reward these people. It's proven people that eat healthy and workout visit doctors/hospitals much less. An article I recently read stated that an obese person visits a doctor 10 times more in a year than a healthy person.
Beyond this I think health plans should be revisited and restructured to make people more aware of their spending. Force people to watch their health care spending and limit it only to procedures that are necessary. It will make you reconsider visiting the ER with a cold rather than calling around, finding a family doctor and seeing him the following day.