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But, did he discovered new information? What if the guard had said "Prisioner C is sure to die"?

He did discover new information. The probabilities of survival switched from: A: 1/3, B: 1/3, C:1/3 to A: 1/3, B:0, C: 2/3

He just didn't discover any information to change the probability of his own survival.

nice. I think this sums it all.