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Is there a reason why it appears more populated and dense in the middle as opposed to the upper or lower regions? Is that the plane of our galaxy, or something to do with the light?

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Yes, it's the plane of our galaxy. If you click show constellations and objects, you can see where we are in the spiral, bottom left.

Interesting, I haven't seen this clustering from looking at the sky before - is it because this is more sensitive than the naked eye?

You can see it in areas with little light pollution (although not quite like this image), otherwise most of the stars are too faint.

This is one of the downsides of living in a heavily populated area. It's quite visible once you get away from the light pollution around cities.

It's called the Milky Way!

In general, you can't see it if you're anywhere near an urban area.

What is the "shadow" that appears to go across the plane in a very irregular manner? Is there a local dust cloud obscuring parts of the main plane?

It's the Great Rift http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Rift_(astronomy)

It's a side view of the milky way - our galaxy. You can see it at night if you look up, and you live far away enough from a large city or light polluted area.

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