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Good point - I meant one codepoint at a time.

But I was wrong and it's actually by grapheme, as danbruc correctly notes.

Codepoint. Java 5 also added new string APIs for this.

IIRC, Cocoa is one of the very few frameworks/languages/whatever which provides APIs for manipulating and iterating on grapheme clusters out of the box. And provides a page explaining some of the unicode concepts and how they map to NSString: https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/...

This is incorrect - see the definition of a text element in the remarks of http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.globalization....

Thanks for the info.

The .NET StringInfo class provides methods to work at the grapheme level, not code points.