Car Mechanic Dreams Up a Tool to Ease Births
nytimes.com
nytimes.com
The intuitive leap from "extracting cork in wine bottle" to "extracting baby in birth canal" happening during a dream is fascinating. Neurons rearranging during sleep cause the oddness of dream logic and can find unexpected correlations -- like the link he found.
However, the device looks a lot less likely to fail (let go) than vacuum extraction, due to the firmer grasp.
There is a line or argument that intervention is a self-reinforcing cycle, in that the initial intervention raises stress levels in the mother, which promotes a fight-or-flight response, which causes the birth process to regress, which increases the likelihood of more intervention, and so on. This isn't to say intervention should be avoided, but only do it if it is necessary, since it does have consequences.
Midwives are not part of the field of obstetrics, any more than sanitation workers are part of the field of engineering.
My wife's cousin is going through the program right now and will graduate with the equivalent of an MD. She's doing residency at a large hospital in Seattle and did clinical at another in Boise. When she graduates she'll be working adjunct at either another hospital up here, or through Stanford. I'm no medical expert, but I trust her experience and expertise. I'm not sure where you're information is coming from, but I think you may be misinformed.
[1] http://www.baylor.edu/nursing/nursing_grad/index.php?id=5668...
I think you're thinking of midwives from a few hundred (or more) years ago, before the fields of medicine and nursing existed as they do today.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2742137/
"The rate of perinatal death per 1000 births was 0.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00–1.03) in the group of planned home births; the rate in the group of planned hospital births was 0.57 (95% CI 0.00–1.43) among women attended by a midwife and 0.64 (95% CI 0.00–1.56) among those attended by a physician."
No offense, but the data says you're wrong.
A comprehensive study in Oregon found death rates 6-8x higher in home births than hospital births: https://olis.leg.state.or.us/liz/2013R1/Downloads/CommitteeM....
See also this meta-survey of the literature: http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(10)00671-X/abstract ("Less medical intervention during planned home birth is associated with a tripling of the neonatal mortality rate.").
Up until I think 10 or so years ago we had one of Europe's best delivery success rates with that.
After that it seems that hospital deliveries became a safer choice and we've had relatively bad percentages since then because we culturally still value home births highly.
"Studies of planned home births attended by registered midwives have been limited by incomplete data, nonrepresentative sampling, inadequate statistical power and the inability to exclude unplanned home births. We compared the outcomes of planned home births attended by midwives with those of planned hospital births attended by midwives or physicians."
and
"We included all planned home births ... and all planned hospital births meeting the eligibility requirements for home birth that were attended by the same cohort of midwives ... We also included a matched [my emphasis] sample of physician-attended planned hospital births (n = 5331)."
However, the increased death rate in the Oregon study is
a) localized to that state, and b) attributed to an overabundance of uncertified midwives:
> But out-of-hospital births are not as safe as births in hospitals in Oregon, where many of them are attended by birth attendants who have not completed an educational curriculum designed to provide all the knowledge, skills and judgment needed by midwives who practice in any setting.
In other words, there are a lot of "birth attendants" practicing midwifery in Oregon who aren't necessarily CNMs (certified nurse-midwives) or CMs (certified midwives) -- which is perhaps closer to the barber acting as surgeon analogy.
EDIT: Here's a rebuttal to the Wax study: http://www.midwiferytoday.com/articles/ajog_response.asp
You can't compare those numbers, they aren't the same populations of pregnant women.
Source: Doulas, certification info at: http://www.icea.org/content/doula-certification
[edit] Part of it is that the patriarchal doctor wants to be "in charge" of the situation and treat childbirth like some kind of medical operation.
(This is not to say that modern medicine saves many children's and mother's lives. A modern, optimal, approach is to have a traditional birth with ready access to a hospital for a c-section, etc if necessary.)
It's the same reason you don't conduct Phase I clinical trials of new chemotherapeutic agents with people who don't already have cancer.
Birth is already risky enough. "Let's science that, to see which has the best outcome," while a completely rational approach not only to decreasing harm, but also to increasing health, just isn't going to fly.
Every scientific advancement must be preceded by a time when that advancement was not known or known but not used, no matter the age of the field.
Yes. Perhaps not all medical people personally, but as an institution, the medical field totally did.
[1]http://www.amazon.com/Expecting-Better-Conventional-Pregnanc...
I guarantee you a huge percentage of the women who die every year giving birth are not 'prone and sedated'. They are (if they're lucky) in a rural clinic, with a midwife who may or may not be terribly skilled. If she _is_ skilled, it's because she has decades of experience watching mothers and babies die, and has learned many lessons in very painful ways.
This device seems to provide a means for those midwives to assist in cases where labor simply isn't progressing (and believe it or not, that still happens, despite all the 'traditional positions' in the world).
http://www.midwiferytoday.com/articles/globalissues.asp
"Outcomes in these maternity centers were so good that Dr. Araujo began to study what the traditional midwives did, and ended up incorporating hammocks, more patience, and upright positions for birth into the hospital"
i.e. The traditional methods are occasionally acknowledged but rarely adopted.
That's a little bit like the crazy parents who won't vaccinate their kids. We've done such a good job with immunization that they've never seen the consequences of ignoring it, so they pick up woo-woo theories about autism and ignore all medical science.
http://sfari.org/news-and-opinion/news/2013/large-study-link...
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15546805 --- abstract -- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a spectrum of behavioral anomalies characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, often accompanied by repetitive and stereotyped behavior. The condition manifests within the first 3 years of life and persists into adulthood. There are numerous hypotheses regarding the etiology and pathology of ASD, including a suggested role for immune dysfunction. However, to date, the evidence for involvement of the immune system in autism has been inconclusive. While immune system abnormalities have been reported in children with autistic disorder, there is little consensus regarding the nature of these differences which include both enhanced autoimmunity and reduced immune function. In this review, we discuss current findings with respect to immune function and the spectrum of autoimmune phenomena described in children with ASD. -- end quote ---
The immune system in new-born babies and young children is immature and under-developed.
This is what happens when over-educated people take first-world problems to the extreme and turn them into third-world problems. Like a highly-educated acquaintance of my brother's who married a sherpa and is now upset that he won't accept her working outside the home.
> The time I've spent in developing countries, it's just anecdotal to me that a midwife is the first call for a pregnant woman rather than an obstetrician.
My father (who works in international development and has long specialized in maternal health) has spent much of his life trying to disabuse women in developing countries (like his native Bangladesh) of this habit.
There are a lot of people responding to you repeating the claim that we encourage women to deliver prone, and one who says they normally do it lying on their backs. Personally, culture has given me a strong impression that supine is normal and prone would be bizarre. Where's this "prone" idea coming from?
How many years did the Chamberlen family keep the invention of the forceps secret so they could enjoy monopoly profits?
Holy hell...
The story of the forceps is both extraordinary and disturbing, because it is the story of a life-saving idea that was kept secret for more than a century. The instrument was developed in the seventeenth century by Peter Chamberlen (1560-1631), the first of a long line of French Huguenots who delivered babies in London. It looked like a pair of big metal salad tongs, with two blades shaped to fit snugly around a baby’s head and handles that locked together with a single screw in the middle. It let doctors more or less yank stuck babies out and, carefully applied, was the first technique that could save both the baby and the mother. The Chamberlens knew that they were onto something, and they resolved to keep the device a family secret. Whenever they were called in to help a mother in obstructed labor, they ushered everyone else out of the room and covered the mother’s lower half with a sheet or a blanket so that even she couldn’t see what was going on. They kept the secret of the forceps for three generations. In 1670, Hugh Chamberlen, in the third generation, tried and failed to sell it to the French government. Late in his life, he divulged it to an Amsterdam-based surgeon, Roger van Roonhuysen, who kept the technique within his own family for sixty more years. The secret did not get out until the mid-eighteenth century.
There was a story mentioning this some time ago "We don't patent anything that's part of our secrets"
[1] http://acuriousguy.blogspot.com.au/2013/04/protecting-space-...
http://blog.al.com/smarter-every-day/2012/02/why_you_didnt_d...
I know almost nothing about the medicine of childbirth, but I think this is most likely a great technology if the WHO got behind it so fast.
I have always thought that you don't necessarily need to be in a field in order to be able to provide new insights into issues.
> InnoCentive is a Massachusetts-based open innovation company that accepts by commission research and development problems in a broad range of domains such as engineering, computer science, math, chemistry, life sciences, physical sciences and business and frames them as "challenge problems" for anyone to solve. It gives cash awards for the best solutions to solvers who meet the challenge criteria.
It would be, really, university for people interested in mental tinkering and disinterested in certification of any kind. A salon, perhaps.
Bad jokes aside, an opera was recently written (and performed - as part of the Ig Nobel ceremony!) about this device and its inventor, titled "The Blonsky Device".
(presumably you don't leave the baby in a plastic bag after it's out)
"Do you think that's air you're breathing now?..."
Pure gold.
As it turned out, this doctor some work delivering babies in Africa in third-world conditions, and only low-tech solutions were available. Things that American hospitals aren't fond of, like having mom stand up and move around, eat and drink to keep her strength up, and finding a birthing position comfortable for the mom, like squatting, hands and knees, whatever her body is telling her to do.
This device is better than forceps only that it is less likely to crush a skull, but it still carries a risk of breaking baby's neck.
Really? you mean these things are going to be available at WalMart so that untrained people can use them?
I really cannot see this being adopted. how are you going to slip this thing past the cervix and pubic bone? The whole reason that you need this thing in the first place is that there is literally zero room there. Also, the inflation is going to cause an even larger object to have to move through the birth canal thus exacerbating the original problem.
How are you even going to know if you have it on completely? you really cannot see in that tight space.
What about fetal distress? I cannot imagine that this thing squishing their entire cranium would bode well for distress which leads to many potential complications.
Maybe most importantly is the fact that this device would likely prevent the infant from ingesting the very important birth canal bacteria which colonized as flora in the baby's gut. c-section births lack this as well and they are at much higher risks for many things because of it.
This is a poor replacement for vacuum extractions (suction cup method) IMO. Maybe in developing countries it could be helpful (MAYBE safer for untrained midwives), but I doubt even that, given it's own disadvantages.
This is a typical HN top comment dismissal. It works with corks, it works with his basic prototype, it works with medical training dummies and it works with the 30 Argentinian women in live births but a comment dismissing it as being impossible is the top HN comment. Unbelievable.
On top of this, your criticism is not even valid. Let me explain why.
You clearly have never given birth with or even assisted in an obstructed delivery? Corks, prototypes, and dummies are not made to fit as tight as an obstructed birth canal and do not even try to replicate this scenario.
If you've read the article carefully, and paid attention to the details you would know the live births used are no evidence that his will work when it is actually needed.
>So far, the device has been safety-tested only on 30 Argentine women, all of whom were in hospitals, had given birth before and were in normal labor.
So the diameter of these women's birth canals were far larger than typical obstructed ones because they had given birth before. They also were in normal labor. There would be far more room available to use this device when it is not actually needed. Try shoving something like this down and around a curved surface with an obstruction preventing it's passage. The material would have to be very stiff, but to curve properly around the head and face, it would have to be very flexible. These things are mutually exclusive. Even if you managed to get it worked into place eventually (without it folding over someplace) it would take a fairly long period of time to work it into place. Suction is very quick to attach and is often used when that baby is already in distress (needs to come out in a hurry).
Here are some more reasons this won't work.
Sizing. Babies craniums are vastly different sizes. Either they will need 8 sized of these hanging on the wall, or the inflation part will have to allow for dramatic size differences. If there is only one size, and the baby's head is small, you are increasing the size of the object that needs to pass through the canal by a large margin (Actually adding to the problem). I suppose that big hospitals could have 8 sizes of these on hand, but not third world midwives.
If there is enough room for this thing to fit on, there is enough room for the Dr or midwife to just use their hands. This is far better anyway as they will have far more tactile feel.