Not exactly. Credit card authorization happens instantaneously, even though it takes the money a while longer to actually move between accounts. And this is separare from the chargeback mechanism, which can claw the money back after it's actually moved.

A 0-confirmation bitcoin transaction is more like writing down someone's credit card number and charging it later when you have access to your credit card terminal, which was common (in the form of those carbon copy credit card impressioning machines, which are why credit cards have raised digits) in the days before ubiquitous mobile Internet.