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Comment by S_A_P | Hacker News Reader

This seems nonsensical to me. The microphone and speakers in a typical laptop(yes even a macbook air) are hardly quality enough to a) transmit any data at a high enough frequency to have any bandwidth and be "undetectable" and b) the microphone would be of even worse quality.

A typical laptop has a +- 3db audio frequency response of 200hz - 8khz if you are lucky, even if you wanted -10 or 20db I doubt you would get much above 12khz which is detectable by most people without significant hearing damage. I'm very skeptical about this article...

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I just tested the built in speakers and mic on my 3 year old MacBook Pro using sine waves and a spectrum analyser.

It's perfectly capable of sending and picking up a 20kHz signal by itself. The frequency response starts dropping off drastically at around 14kHz. Around 21kHz seems to be the practical limit.

However, there seems to be a bit of distortion going on. I'm not sure it's possible to send a clean inaudible signal without introducing lower frequency components.

I've worked in computer music/audio for years. Most people and PCs can reach 20kHz. It's no coincidence, human hearing drops off around that point and thus the 44.1kHz sample rate was chosen to match that (you can transmit frequencies at max of 1/2 the sample rate, thus 22.05kHz). But modern sound cards can reach 96 or even 192kHz sample rate, able to transmit ~50-100kKHz tones (other factors aside). Further, modern sound cards can have amplitudes expressed as 24-bit numbers, providing very high fidelity/accuracy.

So, you may be able to hear higher than 20kHz. Even if you increase your sound card sample rate, best test would be to try something analog to eliminate other bottlenecks in the audio processing. But you can easily tweak your audio settings and generate sine waves with this program:

http://audacity.sourceforge.net/

Quite a few people can hear 20kHz. I can still clearly hear 18.5kHz (or what my laptop's speakers emit when I feed a 18.5kHz sine) and 19-20kHz gives me headaches.

Ok so maybe it's possible to send audio and receive it via a MacBook Pro. However, how much data could that low bandwidth signal carry? I'm even more curious how randomly transmitting "evil bits" this way could spontaneously infect a PC at the lowest levels. Something just doesn't add up here.

Absolutely no one is suggesting that audio is being used to spontaneously infect previously uninfected systems. No one has ever suggested that except for people who have failed to carefully and completely read the article. The claim is infected machines are using it to communicate, not that uninfected machines are being infected by it.

There are pressure sensitive pens that work with any Android/iOS cell phone via ultrasound. So I don't know about laptops, but all smartphones are capable of data transmission via ultrasound. I can't recall the last laptop I used that didn't work fine for Skype, so I don't think laptops are any worse, personally. Maybe 5 years ago one employer went cheap on a model without the built-in webcam on a laptop that usually had it, but even that had speakers and mic.

It was actually hearable but could be mistaken for crappy electronic noise

https://plus.google.com/u/0/103470457057356043365/posts/3reW...

There is no audio in the link you provided.

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