gcc is missing ...
xistence$ gcc --version
Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple LLVM version 5.0 (clang-500.2.79) (based on LLVM 3.3svn)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin13.0.0
Thread model: posix
Command line tools for Mavericks are a separate download, it is no longer available in the Xcode downloads section. Start Xcode, click Xcode in the top left next the Apple in the menu bar, select "Open Developer Tool", click "More Developer Tools" to go directly to the site, log in with your apple developer ID and download the command line tools.
The command line tools also make sure to install a whole range of standard headers that are not included with Xcode so that you can build curses based apps and all that fun stuff!
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With gcc missing, so is libstdc++ for linking/compiling against.