What economy did low latency trading destroy? Also, is there any more deep capturing of regulators in the finance space post low latency trading than there was pre?

This is an ignorant statement. The cause of the economic crash in 2008 was leveraged bets on lots of bad debt. These bets were made by fratboys in suits, shaking hands and making phone calls and sending emails. The financial instruments they used to do this were bespoke one-off deals, not securities traded on public exchanges.

High frequency trading had nothing to do with any of this. HFT deals in fungible instruments traded in public markets.