I think much of the effort is wasted. When you hire embedded designers to program FPGAs and ASICs just to be a few nanoseconds faster in your rent-seeking, it's a bloody shame.
If this was any other industry it would be lauded. I don't understand the moralizing about this industry while we applaud start ups for building ever more complex twitter aggregators.
High frequency trading had nothing to do with any of this. HFT deals in fungible instruments traded in public markets.