Unfortunately that's not always possible. For example you're in a pub with your friends, and someone takes a group picture and posts it online. Even if you don't have FB account, you're there, and there's absolutely nothing you can do about it. Very annoying.
You could have a chat with them and see if they're willing to respect your privacy. Nothing much that can be done about strangers who do that though.
I've seen a few places that actively ban Google Glass (I think that was mentioned here as well), but there are no bans on camera phones in any place as far as I know. If a thing exists, it will be used after all. Original intent be damned.