1. Are you a lawyer?
2. If so, in what jurisdiction is your qualification valid?
3. What if the taxi in question is in Zurich, say?
4. Are you going to qualify your answer in any way, or is it absolute?
In most countries though, you're under duty to return the documents to the owner ASAP, and you're eligible to some kind of compensation according to the value of the documents.
If you want an useful answer, you need to tell more details to a relevant lawyer; currently this question can only get answers that are either useless or dangerous.
Be careful of acting on that idea; just because something is morally reasonable doesn't make it legal. I heard of a case once where someone sold shares based on happening to see a factory on fire through an airplane window, and a court found it to be insider trading. Sure, maybe that case wasn't representative; I'm not a lawyer - but consult someone who is, before assuming that sort of thing is legal.
That plane thing seems to have been an erroneous hypothetical.
Wrong, wrong, wrong! In SEC vs. Texas Gulf Sulfur Co., those who had access to information not available to the general public and who used it to their advantage were seen to be insiders. [1]
In United States vs Carpenter, the judge stated that "It is well established, as a general proposition, that a person who acquires special knowledge or information by virtue of a confidential or fiduciary relationship with another is not free to exploit that knowledge or information for his own personal benefit but must account to his principal for any profits derived therefrom." [2]
1. http://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/corporations/corporations...
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insider_trading#Court_decisions
in texas gulf sulfur, the defendants were officers at the company. they were directors at texas gulf sulfur and they were trading on texas gulf sulfur stock. they have a fiduciary duty to the company that a stranger doesn't have.
that's what the judge in carpenter is referring to. if you acquire the info by virtual of a fiduciary relationship, you aren't free to trade on that info. in texas gulf sulfur, they had the fiduciary relationship to the company because they were officers at that company. not so here.