The shallow end of the pool is simple RISC CPUs e.g. Atmel 8-bit AVR. The complete instruction manual is something like 160 pages (compare to x86 at 3k+) and there are tons of beginner resources for doing assembler on those chips.
[1] http://groups.csail.mit.edu/cag/raw/documents/R4400_Uman_boo...