It might happen. It's highly unlikely, but not impossible.
If you're so certain, you should be shorting the whole market and laughing your way to the bank.
EDIT: Not to get too partisan, but the justification for not negotiating on the debt ceiling is to put a stop to the use of the debt ceiling as a form of political hostage taking.
To let this sort of thing go on gives Congress a de facto veto power over the executive branch that was never laid out in the constitution. Once you let Congress know that a majority (in a single chamber!) can get whatever they want simply by threatening to tank the whole economy, there's no going back.
That's why it's the rational policy to refuse to negotiate when a single house of a single branch of Congress starts threatening that sort of thing.