I'm just getting started with d3 myself, and I found this ebook, which is free online, to be a great tutorial for all of things mentioned in the OP's post, but in greater detail:
http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1230000000345/index.ht...
http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1230000000345/index.ht...
If I could recommend a way to learn d3.js:
1. Read Scott's book (and code the examples).
2. Think of some simple charts you want to make (and code them).
3. Use #d3.js@freenode, Stack Overflow, and see if some of the articles at http://www.d3noob.org/ fit what you're trying to do.
4. Go to http://bl.ocks.org/mbostock, be inspired, fork the code, and apply it to your own idea.
Repeat #3.
Ideally, find some kind of community where you can discuss with and help each other out regularly, but I don't really know of such a place, and it can be hard to find someone to do this with physically outside Paris, Berlin, NYC, and SF.
This is my favorite getting started on d3 tutorial: http://www.jeromecukier.net/blog/2013/03/05/d3-tutorial-at-s...
If someone considers writing a d3.js tutorial, I'd urge them to use a real example, since this is where people realize they should use features like line.defined(), figure out how to implement gridlines yourself, and so on.
As great as d3.js, it's really hard to dive into the official wiki/docs as well as hit them for help.
I've made lots of stuff with d3 and never needed grid lines or dealt with undefined line values, so my 'getting your hands dirty' tutorial would probably deal with totally different issues than what would be useful for you. At a certain point, you just have to buckle down and read the documentation - a quick peak at the page for svg.axis shows how to get grid lines extremely easily (http://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/4323929).
Hanging out on the stackoverflow tag is also super helpful. I either know how to answer a question and get some internet points or Lars responds within an hour and I learn something new.
Do you have some data you want to visualize in an interactive way? Maybe try D3.js
Do you want to make 3d models or video games? THREE.js
Do you want to do custom 2D drawings that aren't suited to the previous two? Maybe raw canvas is for you.
D3.js was a major focus of the course, and lectures from previous years are published for free, as well. It was really well structured.
https://github.com/mbostock/d3/wiki/Tutorials
Especially, the first four: Introduction, Three Little Circles, Thinking with Joins, How Selections Work.
These articles explain the basic concepts of d3.
Then learn by doing is the best way to go. For example, http://vida.io/explore
That it is free is a huge act of generosity.