you're talking about features important for human model of cognition. No arguing here - for most of the people, using the features you described (and for AI systems built by humans and using the same features), the cats would look more alike than dogs.

>However, the vast majority of cat breeds retain the same facial features and shape.

i had cats for many years and with time learned to see the difference, and i'm sure that some people like judges from cat shows would see even more distinction.

It is all about model of perception (and we naturally think and talk like our, human, model is the [only] model) and how well it is trained.

>Dogs can vary between 8-80 lbs

btw, it is at least 2-180 lbs for adult dogs :)