You can't use them when too high up (not enough O2) or too low (not enough time to deploy). Most crashes take place on takeoff or landing.
Of the problems that do happen that would take you through a "jumpable" altitude, you can only make the jump if you 1) have time, 2) have enough airplane left to jump out of. If a big whole ripped in the plane while in flight at 30k feet, you are very likely already unconscious or dead.
There are other issues related to the fact that commercial airliners are not made to be jumped out of at speed. Its difficult or impossible to open their doors during flight (with good reason). Even if you could get them open, there may not be a jump trajectory from some doors that doesn't provide a personal introduction to wing or engine part. Also, you cannot jump and live from a plane going 300 knots. The plane would have to decelerate to near stall to make it safe and if its already crashing, maneuvering at the edge of performance is not likely.
Also, consider that professional and military jumpers are highly trained, in top physical shape, and the landing sites are carefully chosen to avoid injury. As a fun thought experiment, take Rosanne Bar, put her in a small canopy "emergency chute", and drop her, at random, over the Arizona desert. (She was on her way to Vegas, baby). Calculate survivability.
Chutes for everyone would be expensive, heavy and probably only be beneficial in single digit percentages (or even sub single) of all crashes. They would very likely cause more problems than they would solve.