From firsthand experience, the PostGIS extension for PostgreSQL is fantastic.

A couple of my coworkers at Basho have done geospatial work with Riak, our scalable, distributed database: http://basho.com/indexing-the-zombie-apocalypse-with-riak/

Someone below mentions PostGIS, which from my understanding is among the best tools in the field (if you heard of OpenStreetMap, the whole DB for all their geo data runs on that, and people use dumps like others do with Wikipedia to build their own customized GIS apps on tops of it).

That said, other people mention Cloudant deployments here, and that is CouchDB. If you want a Mongo-ish (they are still very different) NoSQL document store (notice I did not say database), there is extra layer of functionality on top of CouchDB known as GeoCouch. I have never personally used it but I have been looking for a reason to.

https://github.com/couchbase/geocouch/