Rotary phones were quite elegant. As the dial returns to 0, it sends pulses down the line. The pulses actuate series of stepping switches to form the final phone circuit.
Back when I was poor and didn't have a place to live, I would go into a hotel lobby where they had a phone for guests to receive, but not make, calls -- the phone didn't have a dial. I would pick up the handset, wait for a dial tone, then press one of the buttons beneath the handset, ten time really fast. Then I would say, "Hello, operator? I'm handicapped, can you dial a number for me?"
At one point I tried connecting a simple speaker (from a little transistor radio I had taken apart) directly to the phone line. I got a dial tone. By connecting one wire to the speaker terminal, and tapping the other wire on the other terminal, I could dial a phone number. Those old phones were really very simple things.
No idea if the phone network still supports pulse dialing. I'd guess it does, but haven't tried it.
[The actual hotel: "アレーホテル広島並木通". It was actually a very nice hotel—clean and neat, friendly service, free (if simple) breakfast, crazy-low prices, and an incredible location—just a bit out-of-date. I highly recommend it for anyone wanting a budget hotel in Hiroshima. They also have slightly more expensive rooms that look a bit more modern (maybe even rocking a touch-tone! :).]
And speaking of outdated technology in Japan: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/14/world/asia/in-japan-the-fa...
Shortly after ward, the purpose of those pulse/tone switches on more modern touch-tone telephones dawned on me: they existed for backwards compatibility with especially old phone networks which didn't support touch-tone devices, only rotary-dial ones. That such networks actually existed and were still in operation didn't seem such like such a crazy idea, considering the museum piece I was holding in my hands.
I grew up in Australia :)