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http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/MetaHDBC

Does exactly that. Runs your SQL against the database at compile time to get type information, which it injects into the program AST.

The closest I've seen an ORM come to this is Squeryl: http://squeryl.org

Which has been superseded by Slick (http://slick.typesafe.com/) and does exactly as the parent says.

In that regard, while not actually an ORM per se, one of the best experiences I've ever had with SQL integration in a language was SAP's ABAP, where column types and data types are (almost?) the exact same thing.

If you are in C# land Dapper does a good job of letting you write SQL and handle the messy put result sets in to objects part of the equation.

It's 100% possible to use SQLAlchemy to do that in Python.