That's like saying that "by using FOR instead of GOTO we worsen the conceptual gap between the program (in text) and the process (in time)".
Only we don't worsen it -- we just abstract it to a level in which we can reason about it better.
Higher level is not worse -- except if you consider "more distance from what is actually happening at the CPU" as worse. Which is not: historically the higher the distance, the more programmers got done.
We don't need to keep track of the actual low level process in time -- which with callbacks we're forced to. We just need to know how the steps of the process relate. Which await and co offer in a far better form than callbacks.