Financial secrets of the world's poorest people.
boston.com
boston.com
A lot of the numbers people use to describe how people live are misleading. In poorer countries, organizational structures are flatter. You pay the owner of the chicken for the eggs. This leaves out the money for the factory workers, the truckers, the marketing, the grocery store (and all its hierarchies), and profits for the shareholders who perform no labor at all. This is monetary waste. This waste increases prices for the consumer.
This is true in a lot of countries outside the u.s. The food in the restaurant is cooked by the owner of the restaurant, not a wage earner. The efficiencies found by automation and commoditization of labor are lost in the waste of trickle down economics.
Another aspect of life in poorer areas of the world - including many areas of the united states - is the barter that occurs between many individuals. I'll mow your lawn if you paint my house. I have the mower, you have the ladder and the brushes.
This type of cooperation is lost in an individualistic society like the united states where everyone performs a role. The cashier, the delivery person, the accountant. In "poorer" societies, these roles are performed by a single person in many cases.
This division of labor has, rather than increased productivity and decreased cost, in fact increased cost due to monetary waste at each exchange. Listen to Noam Chomsky describe the "real Adam Smith" and how he believes the division of labor will destroy the individual through wage slavery. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugq86q9KyPE I have not read "wealth of nations" myself, to verify Chomsky's opinion of Smith's work, but I have it on hold at the library and will soon.
Think of it like physics. Just as energy is lost when it changes form, money is lost when it changes hands. The more hands through which that money passes between the producer and the consumer, the more money is lost to waste.
The efficiencies found by automation and commoditization of labor are lost in the waste of trickle down economics.
There, I simply walked into a pharmacy and paid about $2 for a jar that felt like a lifetime supply of exactly the same pills.
Food was also dirt cheap at local farmers markets, and I also didn't have to pay $60/hour to car mechanic and the same big mac at local McDonalds was only about $0.5
So... no, "a lot less with a lot less" isn't even close to an accurate description. Moreover, middlemen do introduce inefficiency, especially in tightly regulated "markets" like the healthcare: I know a fair bit of how the medical equipment market in US works, and I can tell you that you'll get exactly the same pacemaker installed for about 60% less in Germany as compared to US: that's because your friendly regional salesman of Boston Scientific really likes to fly his own plane, and the doctor who put it in you really enjoys legalized kickbacks for "research purposes".
The same applies to law and finance: bribing police or settling disputes by negotiating was a lot cheaper than going to court in US armed with a $400/hour lawyer, and without 30 year mortgages real estate market actually represented real market prices as opposed to being just a trading commodity [overpriced many times over] with a side effect of providing actual housing.
Instead of paying $200K for a summer house, me and my dad built our own, small but cute 800s.f. cabin. Took us about one summer of weekends and less than $2K in raw materials.
I'm not saying that life was fun in a 3rd world country, but measuring the cost of living is a very, very nontrivial matter, that's all.
A two-barrel caulk gun costs $3 at a home-improvement warehouse, but $250 if ordered through a medical supply catalog (with the same part number stamped on it). A dental handpiece costs $2500 to buy and $80 to repair in the US, but one can be bought new for $70 from China. And the Chinese ones work just as well, if not better.
For some reason, American dentists are remarkably risk-adverse; while they'll moan and complain about how high their bills are, they'll also refuse to consider any solution unless they've personally used it for 30 years. Just getting them to use computerized practice management is Sisyphean struggle.
Go to the correct US store and buy a 100LB bag of cheep rice and it will be cheaper than a lot of developing nations. But go to the dentist, doctor, or a restaurant and it's cheap in the developing world. Granted most things tend to be cheap where they are produced but as long as you avoid having other people do stuff for you living in the US can be extremely cheep.
PS: A friend of mine who was making 46k/year in Fairfax VA, one of the more expensive areas to live in the United States, and saved 20,000$ in one year. He was living the life of an Indian college student in the US and that's cheep. He said the only downside was washing his own clothes, but he just dumped it in the machine so it was a trivial change.
Because Dollars are in demand and Zlotys aren't. Look, money isn't "special". It's just a token of exchange. Supply and demand apply to it as to any other commodity. Dollars are valuable because you can trade them anywhere. The discrepancy is purely a premium for liquidity.
But note that these comparisons are by nominal prices, at official exchange rates. Wages were also much lower in Taiwan in those days. I had a high-wage occupation (teaching English as a foreign language), so I was living large in the local economy, but even so I wasn't saving up much money for my return to the United States.
Most immigrants to the United States, from an enormous variety of countries, find that they can work fewer hours per week to buy the things they most desire than they could in the countries they left. That's why the direction of immigration flows between the United States and almost all other countries results in the United States having a net gain of population by immigration. When people compare their opportunities in the States with their opportunities in the country where they grew up, they mostly think that the United States offers a quite good trade-off. And that's not even to get into issues such as less corrupt government officials or less polluted air and water.
The more hands through which that money passes between the producer and the consumer, the more money is lost to waste.
The best research in economics results in a contrary conclusion. More trade and exchange means more efficiency all around.
I find this argument to internally contradict itself in light of the fact that Western nations have a much higher standard of living. I will not disagree exchanges result in monetary waste, but in fact would argue that the increases in productivity due to specialization far outstrip the losses due to waste. The higher number of exchanges is thus evidence of the higher productivity that makes them affordable. The issue of whether there is increased productivity due to specialization is completely separate from that of whether the division of labor will result in wage slavery. There is quite a bit of evidence to support the former, while the latter appears quite speculative.
How do you reconcile the poverty rate in the U.S. at $12,000 compared to $2 in india?
It would appear that the division of labor has actually increased the cost of living -- at any standard. If you only had $2 a day in the United States, you would probably die and that is not hyperbole.
The real question is how much an average income will buy in goods. I don't have an answer to this, but I do have a thought experiment. How many hours do you have to work in order to afford food for a month? My own case is a little odd because my employer provides food 5 days of the week, but even if I tripled my food budget, it would take me 6 hours of (pre-tax) work to afford a month of food. How does that compare with Poland or India?
Similarly, you could price other goods in hours-of-time. It costs me slightly more than a week to afford a shiny new laptop computer, while even the bargain-basement OLPC laptops cost nearly 2 months for someone living on $2/day. It costs me about 3 minutes to afford fresh fruit (really, it takes me more time to pick it out than to work for it) - how much does it cost someone in Poland?
Reading Adam Smith or Karl Marx on economics is a lot like reading Jules Verne on moon flights and submarines. They were geniuses, but genius only goes so far when you don't have that much data to work with and are predicting the future.
Think of it like physics. Just as energy is lost when it changes form, money is lost when it changes hands.
You might be interested in reading about Ronald Coase, transaction costs, and The Nature of the Firm: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nature_of_the_Firm
Of course, the further back in the queue you are, the bigger the risk that others will drop out before it's your turn for your payout. From the outset, that seemed like a likely outcome to me, and it is indeed what happened.
As a reasonably well off expat, MXN$2000 wasn't a big deal to me (what is a big deal is the lack of trust experiences like mine breed). However, since it is a lot of money to many people, there's probably money to be made offering what tandas do, and even paying a small amount of interest, without such risk being borne by the participants.