NSA Phone Snooping Cannot Be Challenged in Court, Feds Say
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The decision is that likely targets of surveillance who cannot prove that they were ACTUALLY surveilled have no standing to file a court case where they could issue subpoenas to the government which could prove whether they were. In short it is a catch-22. You can't sue about being unconstitutionally searched unless you can prove it happened. But you can't prove it happened without suing.
And the Supreme Court thinks that this is acceptable.
Had they decided that standing exists, then they would have had opportunity to rule on the law itself.
Standing has both Constitutional elements and prudential elements (the latter could be referred to as "common law"); the actual injury element is Constitutional, but the prohibition on generalized rather than particular injury is prudential.
Here, a particularized injury is raised but the problem is that the injury is speculative rather than actual, so the problem would be with Constitutional requirements for standing, not the prudential elements.
"Battle not with monsters lest ye become a monster; and if you gaze into the abyss the abyss gazes into you." - Nietzsche
I thought the current lawsuits claim to prove this by asserting that:
- The NSA got access to all of Verizon's customer metadata (as indicated by a leaked FISA Court decision).
- The plaintiffs are customers of Verizon.
- Therefore the plaintiffs' metadata was provided to the NSA.
Thus under the theory the government follows, the activity that you can prove happened is not a search. So you have no standing to sue. And if they look you up later (of course filing appropriate warrants with the FISA court), then you can't prove it happened, so you still can't sue.
Ran into the same logic fighting to protect the secret ballot.
Many jurisdictions tie ballots to voters thru unique barcodes. Excellent for ballot tracking, accountability. Terrible for voter privacy.
Government argued that although data is collected, it's never looked at, so no violation of privacy.
Ditto prescanning ballots before election day. It's not "tabulation" until they run the final report. All the draft reports beforehand don't count.
These Kipling "just so stories" logic makes me nuts.
Okay, then let's start by challenging this legal position. Just because they interpret something a certain way doesn't mean we have to accept it.
I bring up the government's theory not because I agree with it, but because it is virtually impossible to understand their public statements without understanding their reasoning.
It's unfortunate that there is such a disconnect between real and virtual policies. People who can't handle the abstraction shouldn't be making decisions regarding it.
Previously, search in a legal sense combined two elements that we've always blurred together:
1. Collection of data
2. Intepretation of the data.
So when a human searches, they are comingled. Light enters the eye, is processed into images in the brain, is elevated into consciousness and draws connections in the front cortex and elsewhere.
But an automated system can do it in two stages. The pictures could be recorded and never analysed.
The question is whether the act of searching includes both data gathering and analysis as inseparable parts or whether they are seperable. And if they are seperable, where does the search reside: in the data, or the analysis?
Reversing your analogy, the NSA approach is like the police having housefly-sized drones in every house, keeping HD video of everything that goes on. Most of the time, nobody sees it. The data is gathered but not analysed.
Is that search?
The issue here is indiscriminate copying of data from third parties through whom your information traveled. Under the government theory it is not a search (because nobody has looked at it), it is not a seizure (because you still have your data), and your person, house, papers and effects were not touched. Therefore it is an activity that lies outside the protection of the Constitutional phrase, The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated...
Sounds easy, just hope one doesn't land in gitmo!
https://www.eff.org/cases/al-haramain
As long as all possible proof is classified, nobody will ever have standing, and as we've seen in the Snowden case, classified info does not lose its classification when it's released to the public.
"The case was subsequently dismissed by the 9th Circuit on the grounds of sovereign immunity."
And sure enough: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_immunity
"In the United States, the federal government has sovereign immunity and may not be sued unless it has waived its immunity or consented to suit."
So apparently the government cannot break the law, by definition. What the hell?!
history/explanation in the 'introductory' section:
http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/hjackson/FedSovereign_21....
ianal or historian.
I don't get why that is not used more often. There are some cases where it allows itself to be sued. Tort cases and I think patent infringement. But there aren't that many.
Democratic Governments are "punished" and fixed by voting for the right people. Un-democratic governments are "punished" and "fixed" by revolutions.
Somewhere in the constitution you can infer that dismantling and reassembling a government that doesn't serve the people is SOP.
"The tree of liberty is watered with the blood of patriots and tyrants."
This is not addressed to, or accusing you, specifically. I'm just sick of hearing the bloody rhetoric.
Some would say they have you there as well. Romans 13, specifically 3-5[1]. Maybe too many of our politicians are bible students.
This all reminds me of that game we play as kids. Tag, you're it. Except when you get to the base. Then you can't be it. It's fine in a bloody kids game but not in real life. If the game is rigged, you stop playing the game. I'm not advocating revolution, just deprecating the rules that make the playing field totally not level.
However, even at the time, there were "elites" among the colonists who wouldn't have agreed. And so its been ever since. The rhetoric of a democratic republic used to sway and motivate regular folks in order to protect the power and interests of a few.
Ultimately, this is a systemic problem, and it's not clear it's even possible for a small number of people to fix.
If you close your eyes really hard, you can convince yourself that the Supreme Court isn't part of government and that therefore this phrase isn't completely ludicrous.
* The judicial branch decided in the executive branch's favour.
* America decided in America's favour.
If you abstract far enough out, we're all part of the same group (humans), so any thing done that favours anyone else is just us being self-interested, right?
Its not ludicrous as it is; the executive branch represents the government, as such, in court. The courts may be part of the same government, but they can, and do, rule against the government position in cases in which the government is a party, as well as ruling for the government in some such cases, making it perfectly reasonable to describe the Supreme Court deciding for (or against, as applicable) the government.
Courts hate to decide issues if they can avoid deciding issues, and conservative courts especially so. Conservatives would prefer political issues (more surveillance versus less surveillance) to play out in the political sphere, not in the courts.
It goes back to the idea that the un-elected judiciary is supposed to be the weakest branch of government, and therefore should defer to the elected branches if it is possible to do so.
This is such a fundamental concept in our system of government that the Constitution spells out a check and balance system for principal officers of the USG.
The majority made their ruling despite lawyers for the other side pointing out this catch-22, and the minority decision outlining this exact scenario as a reason to have granted standing. I do not think that the majority could have so ruled if they found the existence of this catch-22 to be unacceptable.
Consider the alternative ruling; all covert surveillance at all including (including legitimate, warranted intelligence collection) would become impossible. Classification itself would only be a matter of nobody bothering to ask.
Of course, such total transparency is a viable philosophical viewpoint, but unfortunately it's not really on the table in any of the current discussions.
That speaks more to the current political environment than to the validity of transparency or secrecy. We should be very concerned that we have gotten to the point where surveillance and intelligence collection are considered to be more important than the ability of the people to hold the government accountable for its actions via the court system.
All this is quite well established in other areas of police-work and prosecution. We have specific, individual warrants with normal judicial oversight for a reason, and broad general warrants giving carte blanche to follow certain rules in collecting data simply shouldn't be allowed, because there's too much scope for abuse.
So I think there is a third way in the middle between making all investigations completely open, and allowing secrecy to consume every operation of government.
The idea is that while the investigation is ongoing, of course it's going to be classified. When the subject is finally arrested and taken to court, or when the investigation was over, then the wire-tapping became unclassified as a matter of governmental record (as it should be imo).
What the government has been trying to argue or promote is the idea of a NEVER ENDING investigation, such that from the moment these systems are in place and turned on, subjects are "investigated" probably for the rest of their lives.
This is the TIA/Carnivore system that was hastily put aside due to massive public outrage, but the promoters of this new omnipresent surveillance state simply went back and developed their shaky legal framework to justify it instead.
Do not believe them, none of this is legal, prudent, or necessary. It exists to create an omnipresent surveillance state in which guilt is assumed and most of us will never be truly free.
Oh, this changes everything. It's in our public interest, so we have nothing to worry about, guys. We can all go back to arguing vim vs emacs now.
Let's make Feds remember that they work for us instead of special interests, corporations and the military/surveillance-industrial complex.
http://www.reddit.com/r/news/comments/1in7p5/president_obama...
1. The surveillance occurs in secret
2. Due to #1, you can't possibly prove that you, specifically, are a target of surveillance
3. Due to #2, you have no standing with the court
QED. I am speechless.
For instance, if the FBI gets a warrant to bug the office of the head of the Gambino crime family, should he be able to sue to find that out?
Suffice to say the government will pull out all stops to combat your legal challenge, the judicial branch will side with them for obvious reasons, and your congressional representative will send you a canned response detailing how it's for the children/for fighting terrorists/none of your business.
Consider the alternative: vast, unconstitutional surveillance that can never be challenged in a court because you have no legal way to prove that your rights are being violated. Oh, wait, that would be the world we live in right now.
The problem here is that we have wandered so far down the "law and order" road that we have forgotten that we have civil rights. Yes, if we defend our civil rights and if we allow people to challenge violations of their rights, there will be criminals who escape justice. Our entire criminal justice system is meant to protect the innocent despite the risk of allowing the guilty to go free.
Common, don't be shy! Don't pretend there are some "non-democratic" governments somewhere that do even more surveillance!
Largest ever launched by any government, by far.
In the more stable US two-party system, you may need to resort to somewhat older methods, which are still widely used around the world even in present days:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_the_U.S._involve...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Revolution_of_1989
A few voices on the internet don't have any leverage vs a whole silence country.
It's all I can do right now, other than write my Congressman.
Don't hold your breath. I don't think it's an age thing. I felt like you do when I was in high-school, and/or in college... now "my generation" is well into the range where people my are are serving in Congress and other government positions, and it's still business as usual.
There just seem to be certain types of people, regardless of age, who are drawn to becoming part of the State and who are good at getting elected. And every generation churns out its measure of assholes.
Meanwhile, Americans think the President is some kind of God-king. The powers a President has are granted by Congress, the money is voted by Congress. The President has enormous day to day influence and power, and could at an order destroy billions of lives. Yet the President has no guarantee of a workable Congress and Congress has no incentive to work with a President.
The only thing that can cause the Washington system to act collectively is some terrifying outside threat, and all they will ever agree on is the kind of madness that's led us to this pass.
So, actually? The Westminster system is pretty damn good, constitution or not. Americans think they're badasses for having a revolution. One. And a civil war. One.
Britain's constitutional system is more thoroughly underpinned by blood and terror and war and suffering than the USA's. By a long shot.
Cool, where do I find this data? I promise not to look until I'm authorized!
http://www.volokh.com/2013/07/17/metadata-the-nsa-and-the-fo...
In short, these legal actions have a hard journey ahead of them.
What could go wrong.
> Glenn Greenwald alleges that the Bush administration attempted to expand executive power, as evidenced by the unitary executive theory propagated by John Yoo. The theory suggests that the President, as Commander-in-Chief, cannot be bound by Congress or any law, national or international. By invoking the state secrets privilege in cases involving actions taken in the war on terror (i.e. extraordinary rendition, allegations of torture, allegedly violating the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act) Greenwald opines the administration tried to evade judicial review of these claims of exceptional war powers. In effect, this is preventing a judicial ruling determining whether there is a legal basis for such expansive executive power. With that in mind, applying this privilege makes impeachment the only possible means left for Congress to exercise their duty to uphold the checks and balances constitutionally intended to prevent abuse of power.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_secrets_privilege
Since impeachment is a highly unlikely scenario... if a government action is unconstitutional and citizens have a no way of challenging the constitutionality in court due to the government deeming it's actions were a secret, then how is the government not deciding what is considered constitutional or not?
Wouldn't be the government, would it?
I'm getting tired of your trite anarchism; according to your profile you're here for the 'grown up comments' and I wish you try making some instead of always going for the cheap shot.
It didn't come off as trite to me (or very anarchic).
I'm gonna have to disagree with you here in general, but the parent post was trite. Yes it was.
State secrets have been used as a defense in courts more times in the last decade than the 50 years before 2001.
There are countless situations where the Bush and Obama administration have acted without traditional judicial oversight with seemingly legal proceedings justified by national security (see CIA secret prison network).
The supreme court has even ruled so on many occasions against the government. But those cases are quite rare compared to the frequency of which the government acts under the safeguard of secrecy. Very few people (probably >99.9%) ever challenge the governments claim to secrecy (for example NSLs). Even mega-corporations are fearful, let alone citizens. So the question of the efficacy of judicial oversight regarding the constitutional limitations imposed on the government is a very challenging one to even measure.
> The court, encouraged by the government, has thus created at Catch -22: only the government knows who it is wiretapping without a warrant; so long as it claims that information is a “state secret”, no one will have standing to sue and the government can never be held accountable for breaking the law.
http://washingtonindependent.com/31800/does-national-securit...
The concept of state secrecy is quite brilliant in it's ability to limit legal challenge. Therefore leading to the states ability to say any action conducted in secret is "constitutional", because it can't be proven otherwise in court (unless a radical judge ignores the state secret clause which has happened only in extremely rare situations).
Just know that I wouldn't insult you in the same way you have me.
Now, I'm not saying this is that exact situation. But it's definitely something I'd want a court to examine in detail.
Historically, policies relating to national security have not been within the purview of the federal courts. It's not some new phenomenon: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/peter-h-schuck/national-securi....
The Supreme Court didn't intervene when Congress passed the Alien and Sedition Acts. It didn't intervene when Abraham Lincoln suspended habeas corpus. It didn't intervene in Japanese internment.
The Supreme Court is, and has been since 1803, the final arbiter of the constitutionality of national security programs.
The Alien and Sedition Acts were never appealed to the Supreme Court because the power of judicial review wasn't established until 1803, but they have referenced the acts in modern opinions and said they would be found unconstitutional.
SCOTUS did in fact hear argument and issue a decision on Japanese internment, mostly famously in favor of the government in Korematsu v. United States, but they also struck down indefinite detention in Ex Parte Endo.
In Ex Parte Merryman, Chief Justice Taney ruled Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus unconstitutional. This almost precipitated a constitutional crisis, as Lincoln either threatened or actually ordered him to be arrested.
In modern times there were the Guantanamo cases: Boumediene, Rasul, Hamdi, Hamden.
And that's just working off your examples. The Supreme Court absolutely decides the constitutionality of national security cases.
You may disagree with this. But, the Supreme Court has a staggering amount of written and unwritten precedent and protocol that is considered. And national security based cases are unlikely to be subject to as strict of scrutiny before the Court.
The courts side against the government in national security cases all the time. See e.g. Ex Parte Endon, Merryman, Hamdi, Hamden, etc. so I'm really not sure what you're trying to say.
The Supreme Court also routinely addresses political questions, see e.g. Brown v. Board of Education, Roe v. Wade, Griswald v. Connecticut etc. The "political question test" is not a tenant of constitutional law, but rather an element of some conservative jurisprudence. Incidentally, one with which I'm intimately familiar, having taken Constitutional Law from Robert George.
The statement that the Supreme Court doesn't decide issues of national security, from a historical perspective, are just not correct. I've been told it's polite to give people a way out in these types of scenarios, but this is Hacker News. I don't disagree with some "unwritten precedent and protocol," I disagree with your statements.
All of which, by the way, I've proven wrong citing specific case law. This isn't discussion sections or precept. You can't not do the reading, wave your hands, and expect me to go along.
They don't do that. They actually go beyond that to say that not only should the injunction be denied, but that the filing should be dismissed for failing to state a claim heir complaint should be dismissed for failure to state a claim "that plausibly suggest[s] an entitlement to relief."
Which is, exactly, saying that the challenge they raise is not the kind which can be considered by a court.
If we have a process story about every single motion filed in these cases, we're in for a long, tedious hall.
Regardless, these motions will of course, be heard in court and the title remains awful.
The fact that such arguments are within he range of common legal arguments does not make a title accurately reflecting them "awful".
> ... the alleged metadata program is fully consistent with the Fourth Amendment ... Because the Fourth Amendment is not breached, it follows that the First Amendment is not violated either
Which asks for a summary dismissal. The referenced article never suggests that the court lacks authority, at least not that I can read.
So I will continue to deem the title awful.
Sadly in order for it to be effective, at least according to a recent article I saw, you'd have to connect yourself purposefully with a terrorist to less than 3 degrees.
Chomsky's "Manufacturing Consent" pretty much captures the way that America's democracy has been hacked.
Is this just them stating their position? At what point can/will SCOTUS get involved?
(pardon my ignorance if I incorrectly assumed the president doesn't get to decide what's constitutional)
The same reason you get to submit a filing stating your legal position if you get sued. Because otherwise, court cases would be pretty one-sided.
> Is this just them stating their position? At what point can/will SCOTUS get involved?
If/when it gets appealed to the SCOTUS after decisions by the lower courts and SCOTUS decides to accept the appeal.
NSA now does the same, just with phones. Precedent matters.