2. I was looking for a "natural syntax programming language" on Google and this is what showed up as the first result http://bglang.org/
3. If I might add something, I think what something like this would need is flexibility i.e. a more "freestyle" way of writing expressions. It would not only be much easier to use by children, it would also be a nice technical challenge for the language designer.
Some examples:
* sum of all numbers from 1 to 10
* x is 3; y is 15; print their greatest common divisor
* if folder has file 'file.txt' then put x in file
* print 5th fibonacci number
* c is circle, diameter 10; C is square, side 9; print maximum area c, C
* show bigger number 2/3, 1/2