There's nothing that prevents an IDE from running all the tests associated with a project and then highlighting the line numbers of any exceptions that get thrown. Infinitest will do this for Java in Eclipse and IntelliJ, though I don't think it works with Python.
Python has an unfortunate culture of "just an editor, please", so the main IDEs for it are light-years behind Java IDEs, but you could probably easily whip up a vimscript or .el that does this and highlights the line in the editor.