As the old adage goes: FreeBSD is what you get when Unix developers get together and create a Unix-like system for the PC platform.
Linux is what you get when PC developers get together and create a Unix-like system for PC.
FOSS will fragment because people have different opinions and are passionate about the choices they make in the software to create and use. There is no alternative, because in free software the developer has last say. There is no school of "the one way" of how to do anything in foss, the only possible proxy being the popularity of the software created.
I think BSD's success with i386 has brought the stark pragmatism of the "server" to the PC. The dream of BSDI. The reliability, robustness and the uniformity. Maybe BSD UNIX is not as "fun" as MS and Apple, but it _works_ the best. Relatively minimal bloat. And things can be removed relatively easily. Getting small is not frowned upon or ignored as a worthy objective. "The hero is the negative coder." (credit: Doug McIlroy, one of the original UNIX developers)
Linux OTOH (a horde of wannabe kernel hackers and a gazillion idiosyncratic GNU programs) has brought the chaos of the PC[1] to the idea of "UNIX". There is bloat and endless tweaking around every corner. The vigilance and skill it takes to make your Linux small and simple and actually keep it that way is, IME, quite the burden. The respect for the user also differs. Man pages? I guess the assumption is we'll just read the code when we have a question. But then there's also an expectation we'll use binary packages. Linux just makes my head spin. I'm just not smart enough to use it. I wish I was... because they have better hardware support.
Based on what I've seen, I doubt many a Linux developer would think "The hero is the negative coder." Linux just keeps growing and becoming more complex and unwieldy. And so by comparison, IMO, Linux less embodies the idea of UNIX than BSD.
1. The Windows experience of constantly searching for some non-MS program to do some task that base Windows itself can't even begin to handle... and you end up with an ad hoc mess of programs that barely do what you need, and most of them poorly written by who knows who.
As far as bloat, some BSDs are more elegant, but I do not think Linux is that bloated. It is small enough to succeed on embedded systems and Androids. The device driver section is bloated, but the core system is not as bad.
Yes, Ubuntu is not small and simple, but Debian is if you want it to be.
Right. (In fact, it can succeed anywhere. And it does.) But my point is that it's not _presented to the user_ in a form that makes reducing it to embeddable size or porting it to ARM easy. I compile my BSD systems from source. And small modifications are (compared to Linux) easy.
Linux From Scratch (LFS) and Busybox were the closest I saw to what I was looking for. But when you look at the Linux ecosystem, LFS seems so obscure. And how many people create their own customized Busybox? To pursue these objectives with Linux feels like moving against the grain. No one aims to assist you by making the system easy to comprehend and modify.
The people I see modifying Linux at the level I would want to modify it are just too far beyond my comfort level with C and assembly. I can't do what they do and believe my system will still be reliable. Not only that, it would take forever to do it. I'm just not smart enough to use Linux. As I said above, it's just too much work.
I'm not worried about fragmentation though.
My position is that currently X "Just Works" for me and I am not willing to sacrifice this stability so that I can test out the pet projects of a bunch of Red Hat and Canonical employees. I figure I have at least 3 years, hopefully 5, before I will be forced to switch. (3 years left on wheezy, and hopefully 2 more years with jessie assuming X is still the default and viable). 3-5 years to let them work out all of the kinks? Yes please, I'll take that.
The dust sure as hell better be settled by 2018.
I believe that a previous poster commented about 300, or so, different distros based upon 4 base systems.
We already have multiple mutations of the various operating systems, and now we've got another display manager to debug?
You can see many non-working things here: http://laptop.bsdgroup.de/freebsd/ from no sound to can't boot. Power management is also notoriously bad so you need your laptop to be plugged in.
It is reminiscent of Linux a few years ago when everyone with brand new laptops tried to install it.
FreeBSD is still fine on desktop systems and even works quite well for a desktop in some cases, but Linux is just so big at this point that it supports more things, while FreeBSD has always seemed more server oriented.
Apparently you have not tried FreeBSD on an Acer Aspire One netbook, because if you did you would realize that your last paragraph is outdated by at least 3 minor version iterations. I first tried PC-BSD 8.x in 2009, and with KDE as the default DE it unusably slow, but when I tried FreeBSD 8.x last year I was pleasantly suprised with how well the system ran on my little netbook. Then, when I upgraded to 9.0 I realized that I had finally found what I had been searching for all these years. Now, with 9.1 the system is even better.
Yes, FreeBSD lacks some features that Linux has, but it's still being developed and it has its uses outside of the server market too. For example, Sony is reportedly using it as the core OS for the new PS4 and there's a project that is aiming to create a HUD device which is also based on FreeBSD, http://hmdviking.blogspot.jp/
It was a lot like Linux used to be in the late 90s though... I tried to put it on a few other machines with less success.
Crunchbang just doesn't compare as far as speed goes. I tested both OS' with Xfce4.1, as well as no DE with dwm & dmenu. In each case FreeBSD blows crunchbang away, and this is on an Intel Atom N270 with 1 GB RAM.
The only thing #! has going for it is ease of setup, but FreeBSD isn't that hard to setup and use, and all questions I've had are easily answered by reading the FreeBSD Handbook.
Some will decry FBSD's support for suspend/hibernate, but since I never use those features it's a non issue for me. That said, I do believe that suspend, etc, is working for some laptops, although YMMV.
| Some will decry FBSD's support for
| suspend/hibernate, but since I never
| use those features it's a non issue for me.
Sometimes the simplest things are so abstruse to some of us.
Are you able to at least suspend to disk?
On the flip side:
- Using suspend-to-RAM is less secure.
- Enabling secure swap (at least on Linux with in a password-less setup[1]) doesn't work with suspend-to-disk.
[1] In a password-less setup, there is no way to recover the swap after a fresh boot since the key is regenerated on every boot (at least it was the case the last time that I manually setup encrypted swap).