I think some of this stems from our feeling the need to compete early on in high school to get acceptance into a "good" college. Later on in life this is merely repeated in different forms at work. E.g.,
"I want to get ahead and get that VP spot, I need to outsmart or outwork everyone else."
"Crap someone just stepped into our space and is eating our lunch, we need to move our roadmap up by 3 months."