Effective steganography could hide the fact that you're using encryption at all, and could make traffic analysis[2] more difficult. Widespread use of effective steganography could make wholesale digital spying a lot more difficult.
The use of anonymous remailers[3] also needs to become much more popular; in particular, the mixminion[4] remailer, which was designed to address many weaknesses in earlier remailers.
Traditionally much more difficult, but as or even more important than the technological solutions mentioned above, is educating the general public about the need for and value of privacy enhancing technologies. Fortunately, the massive publicity around the recent spying scandals is doing a lot of the hard work for us in this area.
Finally, there's a great need for educating the general public on how to use these privacy enhancing technologies properly, and making them easier to use. There's still a lot to be done on this front, but the challenges are not insurmountable, and they are getting easier as the general public becomes more computer literate and more privacy- and security-conscious.
[1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography
[2] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_analysis