Thank you for the explanation! Converting to a rune slice and back does give me the behavior that I wanted. It still looks butt ugly to me, but at least it works.
In Go:
fmt.Printf("%s", string([]rune("нєℓℓσ")[1:4]))
// єℓℓ
In Python: print("нєℓℓσ"[1:4])
# єℓℓ