If you really like Codeacademy, there are non-track exercises that involve Python in the API section [0] and a couple of Python challenges [1][2] that aren't listed.
What I'm doing now:
* Solving exercises on Project Euler in Python. [3]
* Working through each example in the Python Cookbook[4]. It was just updated to the third edition.
* Watched Guido's Painless Python talks from a few years ago [5]. I found his concise explanations of language features really helpful.
Some things I intend to do:
* Finish working through Collective Intelligence [6]. The examples are written in Python.
* Work through Introduction to Algorithms [7]. The course uses Python.
* Read, understand and give a shot at extending Openstack [8] code.
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0: http://www.codecademy.com/tracks/apis
1: http://www.codecademy.com/courses/python-intermediate-en-NYX...
2: http://www.codecademy.com/courses/python-intermediate-en-VWi...
5: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDgD9whDfEY
7: http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-comput...