My own thoughts are that if there were a true free market for healthcare, with insurance only for real medical emergencies, the costs of a lot of these services would drop, including physician fees, equipment etc. Most of the population would not, and likely could not, pay 68,000 for an ACL repair, which would leave medical providers the option of 1) lowering prices substantially or 2) being out of work. Having put ourselves on high deductible health plans, we are super vigilant now about how we spend our healthcare dollars. And having realized the impact of this, since we are medical providers ourselves, we are now transitioning to a model where we are not participating with many insurance plans, but our fees will be completely transparent - published online - and fairly reasonable (I think).