I think the OP is spot-on on his takeaways from Clean Code. I work with a number of people who do not have a CS or Software Engineering background but are assigned to the team as "programmers". They can hack together something that will work, but often end up with a convoluted design and an almost guaranteed maintenance nightmare.

Robert ("Uncle Bob") Martin's book has been really useful for us. We have been going through the book section by section and comparing the ideas in "Clean Code" to our implementations. It has been a most effective way of getting the team up to speed.

I would recommend anyone who is getting started on their first software engineering job to go through the book. It is excellent study material for an inexperienced team.