That should be obvious from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Roman_weights_and_measu..., which states "The Roman foot was sub-divided either like the Greek pous into 16 digiti or fingers; or into 12 unciae or inches". So, Romans thought a thumb to be longer than a finger by 4:3.
I think it also makes sense when looking at the way one would measure stuff. How would you go about measuring something in thumb lengths with some accuracy? With widths, you can grab it between thumb and need finger of one hand, place thumb and index finger of the other hand next to it, move first pair to the other side, etc.
My thumb width is 7/8th of an inch, and I'm 1m94cm tall.
> is there a conspiracy in the USA
Although I live in the US, I am an immigrant who grew up with the metric system and consequently not part of said conspiracy.